Chapter 14
Manifest Destiny
Chapter 14
Manifest Destiny
Oregon Country
• __________________ Country included present day Oregon,
•
•
•
•
•
•
Washington, Idaho, and parts of Wyoming, Montana, and Canada.
It ran from the Pacific to the _______________.
Many people moved to this area looking for new wilderness for
trapping and new _____________.
Russia, Great Britain, Spain, and the U.S. claimed the area (mainly
U.S. & ________________________)
1818 Great Britain and U.S. agreed to share the territory for 10
years. _____________ & ____________ gave up claims in 1825
___________ Trading companies from both countries pushed into
the area and the population began to boom
A rough type of explorer emerged from this known as
___________________________
Mountain Men
• Trapped _________ bearing animals to make a living
• Led a ______________ and lonely life.
• Moved constantly carrying only what they needed to trap and
_________________.
• In the summer they went to the __________________ where they
sold their furs and relaxed
• These men explored new lands and found paths that led to the
settlement of the __________________.
• Soon settlers began to fill the area.
• Fashions changed and Mountain Men found themselves out of
work. Many became guides on the ___________________
________________, which was now the main route across the
continent. It ran from Independence, Missouri, to the Columbia
River in Oregon
1
Chapter 14
Manifest Destiny
Oregon Fever
• Between 1840 & 1860 more than ________________ people
traveled the Oregon Trail
• Families loaded wagons called prairie s___________________
and traveled together in wagon trains.
• Groups left in _____________ and had 5 months to get there or
you may freeze in the Rockies
• Many died along the trail from ________________ and accidents.
Many turned back before reaching Oregon
• Native Americans traded with the travelers and helped them
(contrary to stories they were ______ violent)
• Many American wanted to ________________ Oregon.
• 1844 James K. _____________campaigned for president with the
slogan “Fifty-four forty or Fight” (meaning extend the U.S. border to
54°40’ or fight.
• Polk won the election and negotiated with Great Britain. 49° was
recognized as the U.S. northern boundary and Oregon became a
territory
• Oregon became a state in _______________.
Texas and Mexico
• In early 1800’s ___________ wanted more settlers in Texas so
they gave land to empresarios (people who agreed to bring in
settlers)
• Moses _________ was given land and promised to bring 300
families to the area. He died, but his son, ______________ F.
Austin carried out his plan
• In the early 1820’s ___________________ won its independence
from Spain. Citizens in Mexico were given land, but promised to
obey Mexican law and the Catholic religion
Conflict in Texas
• Austin’s _______________ was the most successful in Texas. The
people were hand picked by him and they promised to be loyal to
Mexico
• Thousands of U.S. citizens poured into Texas without
_______________________ permission, and they did not promise
to obey Mexican laws and religion
• One issue was slavery. Mexico prohibited it, but it was used
heavily in Texas so Mexico eventually allowed it in Texas
2
Chapter 14
Manifest Destiny
• The U.S. settlers also began wanting more of a ___________ in
government (like they had in the U.S.).
• To stop this problem, Mexico _______________ Anglo-immigration
in 1830
• This angered _______________ and many talked about separating
from Mexico
• In 1833 Stephen Austin went to Mexico City and demanded a
repeal on the ban and the creation of a separate __________ state
•
•
•
•
•
•
Texas Independence
General Antonio Lopez de _____________ ___________was the
head of the Mexican Govn’t. He refused to let Texas leave Mexico.
Austin told Texas to push for statehood anyway. Santa Anna put
__________________ in jail
Santa Anna ____________________ the Mexican constitution and
began ruling as a dictator
Santa Anna sent troops to capture San Antonio (town in Texas). In
Dec. 1835, Texas _____________________ drove the Mexican
troops out of San Antonio
The Texas _____________________ had begun
March 2, 1836 Texans created the _____________________of
Texas and placed Sam Houston in command of the army
The Alamo
• In San Antonio many Texas volunteers defended and took cover in
•
•
•
•
•
•
an empty mission called the ______________________.
William ________________, Jim Bowie, & Davy
___________________were among the Texans
The mission was shelled for ________ days by Mexican soldiers
On March 6, ____________ Santa Anna ordered an all out attack
Crockett and his sharpshooters dropped many Mexicans, but there
were too many.
Mexican troops stormed the mission and _____________ all the
men (some women, children, and slaves survived)
Travis was shot, Bowie died fighting from his sickbed, and Crocket
was __________________.
3
Chapter 14
Manifest Destiny
Goliad and San Jacinto
• Mexican troops captured and executed Texans as they fled a Fort
•
•
•
•
•
•
in _____________________.
__________ ________________ did not immediately retaliate
after the Alamo and Goliad. He built his army
April 21, 1836 Houston and his troops attacked the Mexicans on
the west side of the San _______________ River.
This was the Battle of San Jacinto
– Battle lasted ____ minutes and 600 Mexican soldiers were killed
– Texans hollered “Remember the Alamo” as they charged into
battle
______________ Anna slipped away during the fighting, but he
was captured the next day.
May 14, 1836 Santa Anna was forced to sign a peace treaty and
forced to sign a __________________ supporting Texas
Independence. The war was over
Sept. 1836, Sam Houston was elected president of the
__________________ of Texas
Annexation of Texas
• U.S. officially recognized Texas in 1837 and asked to become part
•
•
•
•
•
of the U.S., but the U.S. refused b/c many northern states didn’t
want another _________________ state.
Texas & Mexico constantly ____________________over
boundaries & territory & continually attacked one another
Many Americans wanted to annex Texas and complete the idea of
“____________ Destiny” (a destiny to expand across the continent)
1844 James K. Polk was elected President with Manifest Destiny
as his __________________ platform
Outgoing President John Tyler asked Congress to _____________
Texas in Feb. 1845.
Dec. 1845 Texas became the 28th state of the U.S.A., but
____________________ now began between Mexico and the U.S.
War With Mexico
• Pres. Polk asked Mexico to recognize the _________ Grande as
the Texas/Mexican border. He also tried to purchase California
and New Mexico
• Mexico was _________________ and refused to negotiate
4
Chapter 14
Manifest Destiny
• Polk sent Gen. Zachary __________________ and troops just
north of the Rio Grande. Mexico considered this Mexican Territory.
• In April 1846, ___________ soldiers attacked American soldiers
and Polk asked for a declaration of war. He got it on May 13, 1846
• Many accused __________ of starting the war on purpose and
were very upset over it, but most Americans supported the war
Mexican-American War
• Gen. Taylor and his forces _______________ battles and carried
•
•
•
•
•
themselves into Mexico.
American Gen. Winfield __________ also won many battles inside
Mexico
Santa Anna r_____________ his troops many times and gained
the upper hand, but the U.S. always regained the upper hand.
In New Mexico and __________________, Americans revolted
against the Mexican Government
In summer 1846, Californians hoisted a hand made flag with a
grizzly bear on it and announced the creation of the
_____________ Flag Republic
In. Jan. 1847 Mexicans __________________ California and the
U.S. claimed it as a territory
War Ends
• Feb. 2, 1848 Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
– Mexico ____________ (gave up) California & New Mexico
(included present day California, Nevada, Utah, parts of Arizona,
Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico). This is called the
Mexican Cession
– U.S. paid $______ million for this land
• America also bought a small section of land in the Southwest from
Mexico. This was known as the _________________ Purchase
• Mexicans in these lands had the choice of moving into Mexico or
becoming American _______________
Mormons Move West
• Joseph _____________created the Mormon religion in the 1820’s.
– Their beliefs drew much criticism and anger from others.
– They moved from New York to Ohio to Missouri and then Illinois.
– 1844 Smith was killed by a mob
5
Chapter 14
Manifest Destiny
• Brigham Y____________ took lead of the religion and led the
•
•
•
•
Mormons west for protection.
Settled in the Salt Lake Valley
Mormons built a large farming community
Young was named Governor of the Utah Territory by Congress
1896 Utah became the 45th state of the United States
California Gold Rush
• Jan. 24, 1848 John Marshall found gold near _______________
Mill along the American River in Northern California.
• Thousands of people rushed to California to “strike” it rich. These
people were called _____________, b/c they moved to California in
1849.
• People came from all around the world.
Life in California
• Temporary mining towns were set up throughout California.
Most people mined, but some created business to
_______________ to the miners.
– No law or police. People practiced _________________ justice
(law without judge or jury)
• In 1849 California asked to be admitted to the U.S. as a free state.
They entered in 1850
• Many African-Americans moved to California for freedom and
wealth. Many found wealth but were not given their rights
• Native Americans were removed from their lands.
– Many died of ________________ and labor use.
– By 1858 eight Reservations were created in California
–
Chinese and End of the Gold Rush
• Many _____________ traveled to California for the Gold Rush, but
American Miners were alarmed and put restrictions on immigrants
• Immigrants had to pay a mining tax. This drove many Chinese out
of mining, so they opened businesses such as Chinese laundries
and restaurants (led to __________________ in San Francisco)
• By the 1850’s the ___________ Rush died. Many of the fortyniners stayed in California and became farmers.
– Many of the towns were abandoned and became ghost towns.
– Some continued searching for gold throughout Canada and later
Australia
6