Female
Anatomy
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© Robert J. Atkins, Ph.D.
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Vulva
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Vulva
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Vulva
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Vulva
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Vulva
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What parts make up the
vulva?
• External genitals
• Mon veneris
(pubis)
• Labia majora
and minora
• Prepuce of the
clitoris
• Clitoris
• Vestibule
• Urethral opening
• Vaginal opening
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Would you be interested
in genital alterations?
• Piercings
• Tattoos
• Labiaplasty
o Minor lips reduction
• Hymenoplasty
o Hymen reconstruction
• Vaginal rejuvination
o Making it tighter
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Genital piercing
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Genital Tattooing
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Labiaplasty
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How do you do a
Female Genital Exam?
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Use a hand mirror to look at your genitals
Identify the various parts
Look for any unusual bumps or coloring
Think about your feelings regarding your genital
anatomy.
• Do it on a regular monthly basis
Vulvar Cancers
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How can you see your
cervix during an exam?
The cervix
using a speculum
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Do you remember?
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What parts make up the vulva?
How do people alter their genitals?
How do you do a female genital exam?
How can you see your cervix during an exam?
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Clitoris
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Clitoris
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Homologus to penis
Same # of nerve endings as the head of penis
Only purpose is sexual arousal
Most common method of self stimulation & orgasm
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Clitoris
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Clitoral variations
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Clitoral variations
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Clitoral variations
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Clitoral
variations
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Clitoral
variations
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What types of hymen are there?
• Function: Thought to help
protect vaginal tissues
early in life
• Types
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o
o
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Annular
Septate
Cribriform
Imperforate
Imperforate
hymen
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What are the
underlying structures?
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What are the underlying
structures?
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Vestibular bulbs
Bartholin glans
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Where are the
Bartholin’s glands?
What do they do?
• Located on either side of the
vaginal opening
• Produces fluid
• Function unknown
o Possibly to lubricate entrance to vagina
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Vagina
• Vaginal opening (outer 1/3) has highest concentration of
vaginal musculature
• Inner 2/3 = fewest nerve endings
o Changes during intercourse
• Orgasmic platform
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Do you remember?
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What can you tell me about the clitoris?
What is the function of the hymen?
Describe the types of hymen.
Where are the bartholin glands?
What is the function of the bartholin glands?
Where are the muscles and nerves in the vagina?
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Grafenberg (G) spot
• Where is the “G” spot?
• Female counterpart to male
prostate gland
• May trigger ejaculation when
stimulated.
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Female ejaculation
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Vaginal lubrication
• Vasocongestion = lubrication
• The first sign of sexual arousal
• Occurs within 10 – 30 seconds after effective physical or
psychological stimulation
• Seeps through the vaginal walls as vasocongestion
occurs.
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What are other sources of
vaginal lubrication?
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Saliva
Water-based lubricant
Lubricated condoms
Not Vaseline
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What is menstrual
synchrony?
• Synchronized menstruation
o Women living together develop similar cycles
• Apparently based on the sense of smell
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What can cause chronic
vaginitis?
• Birth control pills
• Antibiotic medication
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Do you remember?
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Where is the “G” spot?
What can you tell me about vaginal lubrication?
What is menstrual synchrony?
What can cause chronic vaginitis?
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Breasts
 Size
 Fatty tissue determines size
 Unrelated to milk or sensitivity
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Cultural preoccupation with
breast size
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Concerns with breast size
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Concerns
with breast
size
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Concerns with breast size
Before
After
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Breast reduction
Before
After
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Breast reduction surgery
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Breast enlargement
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Breast enlargement
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Breast enlargement
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Silicon Gel Breast
Implants
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How can you detect
breast cancer?
• Self-exam
o Does not reduce fatalities
• Mammogram = better
o Not recommended for women under 40
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) = Best
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What is a mammogram?
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MRI Breast imaging
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Do you remember?
• What determines breast size?
• How is breast size related to sensitivity or milk
production?
• What methods are used to detect breast cancer?
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Additional items if time
permits
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What are the kegel
exercises?
The
pubococcygeus
(PC muscle)
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Pelvic floor muscles
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What are the advantages
of the kegel Exercises?
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Urinary control after childbirth
Increases genital sensitivity
Increases sensation during intercourse
Technique of doing exercises
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Vagina, Uterus, Ovaries
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Uterus
• Endometrioses
o Cells from uterine lining
implant in abdominal cavity
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Ovaries
• 40,000 to 400,000 immature ova at birth
o 300 - 450 mature in a woman’s lifetime
• Produce sex hormones
o Estrogen and progesterone
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After release from ovary, eggs are
viable for 24-48 hours for fertilization
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Cervical cancer
• What increases your risk?
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Genital warts
Having several male sexual partners
First intercourse at an early age
Cigarette smoke
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