FIRST 2 YEARS
BIOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
Produces
colostrum
Antibodies for
specific contagious
diseases
Breast Feeding
(Breast is best)
Risk of disease
greater than
risk from
immunization
2X by 4 Months
3X by Age 1
4X by age 2
Immunization
(Vaccination)
Good
Health
Head-sparing
(Brain is
maintained)
Size
Good sleep = good
health
Body
changes
Detects
stimulus
Processes stimulus
(Based on experience)
Neurotransmitters
(Transmit info. from one
neuron to another)
Gives meaning to
stimulus
Axons
1st-2 yrs.
Biosocial
Development
Sensation
Cognition
Perception
Sensory
&Motor skills
Least developed
at birth
Gross
Large muscles
(Walking)
Expectant
(All infants)
Experience
Fine
Small muscles
(Writing)
Dendrites
1/2 of newborn
sleep is REM
Synapse
Neurons
(Basic nerve cell)
Dependent
(Culture)
Motor
skills
vision
Newborns = 17 hrs.
Sleep
"Shaken Baby
Syndrome"
Can kill
Basic
Connections
Brain Dev.
Fusiform face area
(Face perception)
Blood vessels
rupture
Transient
Exuberance &
Pruning
Brain Stem
Thinking
Feeling
Sensing
Structures
Cortex
(Outer layer)
Prefrontal
cortex
Last to develop
"Own race
effect"
(Automatic
responses)
Heartbeat
Breathing
Temperature
1. Plans
2. Anticipates
3.Self-control of
impulses
Visual
Auditory
Sensory
WHAT IS BIOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT?
•
•
•
•
Body
Brain
Senses
Good health
HOW DOES THE BODY CHANGE IN THE
FIRST 2 YEARS?
1 year old
2 year old
HOW MUCH DOES THE CHILD GROW?
• 2X birth weight by 4 months
• 3X birth weight by age 1
• 4X birth weight by age 2
WHAT IS HEAD SPARING?
• If starving, the body stops growing, but not the brain
• The brain is the last part of the body to be
damaged by malnutrition
Intrauterine Growth Restriction
SLEEP
• Good sleep = good health
• Newborns sleep 15 – 17 hours
• REM sleep
• Rapid eye movement
• Flickering of closed eyes
• Rapid brain waves
• Dreaming
• ½ of newborn sleep is REM sleep
• Declines with age
DO YOU REMEMBER?
•
•
•
•
How much does a child grow by age two?
What is head sparing?
What is REM sleep?
How does REM sleep relate to dreaming and age?
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
WHAT ARE NEURONS?
•
•
•
•
Basic nerve cell in central nervous system
Axons
Dendrites
Synapses
• Intersection on neurons (axons & dendrites)
• Neurotransmitters
• Chemical messengers
• Carry information from one neuron to another
• Transient Exuberance & Pruning
• Transient Exuberance – Increases dendrites
• Pruning – Misconnected dendrites atrophy and die
BRAIN STRUCTURE
WHAT DOES THE BRAIN STEM DO?
• Automatic responses
• Heartbeat
• Breathing
• Temperature
WHAT DOES THE BRAIN CORTEX DO?
• Outer layer of the brain
• Activities
• Thinking
• Feeling
• Sensing
•
•
•
•
Visual
Auditory
Sensory
Motor
WHAT DOES THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX
DO?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Last to develop
Self-control of impulses
Reasoning
Analysis
Ethics
Plans
Anticipates
DO YOU REMEMBER?
•
•
•
•
•
•
What are neurons?
What are synapses?
What do neurotransmitters do?
What does the brain stem do?
What does the brain cortex do?
What does the prefrontal cortex do?
EXPERIENCE
• Expectant Experience
• All infants
• The brain naturally expects to learn some things
• E.g. learning language
• Dependent Experience
• Culture based
• E.g. Which language is learned
WHAT IS SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME?
•
•
•
•
Life threatening
Blood vessels rupture in the brain
Neural connections beak
“Abusive Head Trauma”
SENSORY & MOTOR SKILLS
SENSATION-PERCEPTION-COGNITION
• Sensation
• Detects stimulus
• Perception
• Processes the stimulus
• Based on experience
• This is a rattlesnake
• Cognition (Thinking)
• Gives meaning to the stimulus
• Dangerous! – move away
WHAT MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOP?
• Gross motor skills
• Large muscles
• E.g. walking
• Muscle strength
• Brain maturation (Motor cortex)
• Practice
• Fine motor skills
• Small muscles
• E.g writing
DO YOU REMEMBER?
• What is expectant and dependent experience?
• What is the “shaken baby syndrome”?
• What is the difference between sensation,
perception, and cognition?
• What are examples of gross and fine motor skills?
VISION
• Least developed at birth
WHAT CREATES GOOD HEALTH?
IMMUNIZATION (VACCINATIONS)
• Creates antibodies for specific contagious diseases by
stimulating the immune system.
•
•
•
•
The flu
Chicken pox
Polio
DPT
• Diphtheria
• Tetanus
• Pertussis
• MMR
• Mumps
• Measles
• Rubella
• Risk of disease is much greater than risk from
immunization
BREAST FEEDING
• Breast is best
• Colostrum
• High calorie fluid – first 3 days
• Milk
•
•
•
•
Rich in iron & vitamins
Provides antibodies (if mother has antibodies)
Decreases risk of allergies, asthma, and stomach aches
Decreases risk of obesity and heart disease in adulthood
(many other factors involved)
DO YOU REMEMBER?
• What is the least developed sense at birth?
• What are some of the basic immunizations a child
should receive?
• How do the risks from disease relate to the risks from
immunization?
• What is the difference between colostrum and
milk?
Produces
colostrum
Antibodies for
specific contagious
diseases
Breast Feeding
(Breast is best)
Risk of disease
greater than
risk from
immunization
2X by 4 Months
3X by Age 1
4X by age 2
Immunization
(Vaccination)
Good
Health
Head-sparing
(Brain is
maintained)
Size
Good sleep = good
health
Body
changes
Detects
stimulus
Processes stimulus
(Based on experience)
Neurotransmitters
(Transmit info. from one
neuron to another)
Gives meaning to
stimulus
Axons
1st-2 yrs.
Biosocial
Development
Sensation
Cognition
Perception
Sensory
&Motor skills
Least developed
at birth
Gross
Large muscles
(Walking)
Expectant
(All infants)
Experience
Fine
Small muscles
(Writing)
Dendrites
1/2 of newborn
sleep is REM
Synapse
Neurons
(Basic nerve cell)
Dependent
(Culture)
Motor
skills
vision
Newborns = 17 hrs.
Sleep
"Shaken Baby
Syndrome"
Can kill
Basic
Connections
Brain Dev.
Fusiform face area
(Face perception)
Blood vessels
rupture
Transient
Exuberance &
Pruning
Brain Stem
Thinking
Feeling
Sensing
Structures
Cortex
(Outer layer)
Prefrontal
cortex
Last to develop
"Own race
effect"
(Automatic
responses)
Heartbeat
Breathing
Temperature
1. Plans
2. Anticipates
3.Self-control of
impulses
Visual
Auditory
Sensory