Review Questions - Lecture 14: Gene to Protein
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What is the difference between genotype & phenotype?
What is gene expression?
Why is the phrase “one gene, one protein” inaccurate?
Provide a definition for transcription and translation that clearly distinguishes between the two terms.
What is a codon?
Why is redundancy important in codons?
Make a series of drawings that clearly shows what happens in each step of transcription (initiation,
elongation and termination). Be sure to include the following: promoter, RNA polymerase,
nucleotides, transcription factors, TATA box, polyadenylation signal sequence).
8. What are the cap and tail added to mRNA made of? What are their function?
9. Make a drawing that clearly shows RNA splicing. Include: introns, exons, splicesome.
10. What are ribozymes?
11. Make a series of drawings that clearly shows what happens in each step of translation (initiation,
elongation and termination). Be sure to include the following: tRNA, anticodon, aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetases, small and large ribosomal subunits, A-site, P-site, exit site, mRNA binding site, start
tRNA, codon recognition, peptide bond formation, growing peptide chain, translocation, stop tRNA,
release factors.
12. What are polyribosomes?
13. What happens to the polypeptide chain after it is synthesized?
14. How do proteins that should be made in the ER get to the ER?
15. Make a list of all the different types of RNA and their functions.
16. What is a mutation?
17. What is a point mutation?
18. Distinguish between the following types of mutation: silent, missense and nonsense.
19. How are insertions and deletions different than base-pair substitutions?
20. What are some causes of mutations?
21. Do all mutations that occur get passed on to offspring?
Review Questions - Lecture 15: Gene Regulation, Part 1
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Describe how feedback inhibition works.
Draw a picture of an operon, including: promoter, operator, genes.
What is a regulatory gene?
Make a series of drawings that compares/contrasts a repressible operon and an inducible operon.
Include: promoter, operator, genes, repressor, corepressor, regulatory gene, RNA polymerase,
inducer, mRNA.
5. What is the difference between negative gene regulation and positive gene regulation?
6. Make a series of drawings showing a combination of negative and positive gene regulation in the
lactose metabolic pathway. Include: promoter, operator, genes, repressor, regulatory gene, RNA
polymerase, inducer, mRNA. CAP, cyclicAMP, activator, glucose concentration, CAP-binding site.