Lab #11
Appendicular skeleton
Bone Practical
• 50 points
• On 11/8 - One week from Thursday
• Covers all the bones and bone parts on
the axial and appendicular skeleton list
• About half axial, half appendicular stations
with disarticulated bones (e.g. a tibia)
• Know names of bones and bone parts,
locations, and general functions.
• For appendicular bones, know L vs R
Appendicular skeleton
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Pectoral girdle
Arms, wrists, hands
Pelvic girdle
Legs, ankles, feet
The Pectoral Girdle
• Attaches the upper
appendages to the
axial skeleton
– Scapula:
shoulder/blade
– Clavicle: collarbone
Figure 8–2a
Scapula - shoulder
• What you need to know:
• spine, acromion process, glenoid fossa,
supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa,
subscapular fossa, coracoid process
Scapula
Clavicle - collarbone
Parts: sternal end, body, acromial end
What attaches the pectoral girdle?
• NOTE: the maunubrium-clavicular joint is
the only direct connection between axial
and appendicular skeleton – that’s it!
Humerus – “Arm”
Arm
• Parts of the humerus: head, neck, greater
tubercle, lesser tubercle, lateral
epicondyle, medial epicondyle, trochlea,
capitulum, coronoid fossa, olecranon
fossa, deltoid tuberosity
Radius and ulna - forearm
Forearm
• parts of the ulna - olecranon process,
coronoid process, semilunar (trochlear)
notch, radial notch, styloid process, head
• parts of the radius - head, neck, radial
tuberosity, styloid process, ulnar notch
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
(wrist, palm, fingers)
Wrist, palm, fingers
• Wrist - types of carpals - scaphoid, lunate,
triquetral (triangular), pisiform, trapezium,
trapezoid, capate, hamate
• Palm – metacarpals, numbered I –V starting
with thumb. Parts of the metacarpals – base
(proximal), shaft, head (distal)
• Fingers – phlanges, also numbered 1 -5 types
and parts of the phalanges – proximal, middle,
distal, pollex.
Carpal Mnemonics
• From lateral (thumb side) to medial and
proximal to distal in two rows:
• “Some lovers try positions that two can't
handle.”
• “Sally left the party to take Cathy home.”
• Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform,
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
P
T
H
L
C
S
T
Thumb side
Carpal Mnemonics
“Please tell Luke Sykwalker to take Chewy
home”
• Proximal row medial to lateral: Please
(pisiform) tell (triquetrum) Luke (lunate)
Skywalker (scaphoid)
• Distal row lateral to medial: to (trapezium)
take (trapezoid) Chewy (capitate) home
(hamate
The Pelvic Girdle
• Made up of 2 hipbones (ossa coxae)
• Strong to bear body weight, stress of
movement
• Part of the pelvis
Os Coxae
• Made up of 3 fused bones:
– ilium (articulates with sacrum)
– ischium
– pubis
Coxal bones – hip bones
Os coxae
• You need to know:
ilium, ischium, pubis, iliac crest, anterior
superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac
spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, posterior
inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch,
ischial tuberosity, lesser sciatic notch,,
acetabulum, obturator foramen, pubic
symphysis, sacroiliac joint
Pelvis = coxae + sacrum
Femur - thigh
Femur
• parts of the femur - head, neck, greater
trochanter, lesser trochanter, lateral
epicondyle, medial epicondyle, lateral
condyle, medial condyle, intercondylar
fossa, patellar surface
Patella - kneecap
Patella
• parts of the patella - base, apex, articular
facets
Tibia and fibula - leg
Parts of the leg (lower leg)
• parts of the tibia - lateral condyle, medial
condyle, tibial tuberosity, intercondylar
eminence, medial malleolus
• parts of the fibula - head, neck, lateral
malleolus
Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
(ankles, feet, toes)
Ankles, feet, toes
• Ankle: types of tarsals - calcaneus, talus,
cuboid, navicular, first, second, and third
(lateral, intermediate and medial)
cuneiform
• Foot: parts of the metatarsals - proximal),
shaft, head (distal)
• Toes: types and parts of the phalanges proximal, middle, distal, hallus.
Tarsal mnemonics
• “Clever Tibetans Navigate: 1 – 2 – 3 –
Carefully”
• The Seven Tarsals: Calcaneus, Talus,
Navicular, First, Second, and Third ( also
called lateral, intermediate and medial)
cuneiforms, Cuboid
Tarsal mnemonics
• “Tall Centers Never Take Shots From
Corners”
• Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Third
cuneiform, Second cuneiform, First
cuneiform, Cuboid
Today’s lab
• Work thorough activities using bones and
models (palpating activities are good)
Due Thurs 11/1: Lab 9
Due Thurs 11/8: Labs 10, 11, 12, 13