Appendicular Skeleton and Joints
 Appendicular Skeleton
• Pectoral Girdle
• Bones of the Upper Limbs
• Pelvic Girdle
• Bones of the Lower Limbs
Bones of the Shoulder Girdle
Bones of the Shoulder Girdle: Scapula
Bones of the Upper Limb
 The arm is formed by
a single bone
• Humerus
Bones of the Upper Limb
Radius and Ulna
Radial
notch of
the ulna
Head
Neck
Radial
tuberosity
Olecranon
process
Trochlear
notch
Coronoid
process
Head of
radius
Neck of
radius
Interosseous
membrane
Ulna
Radius
Styloid
process
of radius
Ulnar notch
of the radius
Head of ulna
Styloid
process of ulna
(a) Anterior view
Radius
Styloid process
of radius
(b) Posterior view
Figure 7.27a-b
Bones of the Upper Limb
 The hand
• Carpals – wrist
Pollux
(thumb)
• Metacarpals –
palm
• Phalanges –
fingers
Head
Shaft
Base
C
B
A
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Figure 5.22
The Pelvis
Base of sacrum
Iliac fossa
Coxal
bone
llium
(os coxae
or hip
Pubic
bone)
bone
Iliac crest
Sacroiliac
joint
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Sacral
promontory
Sacrum
Coccyx
Anterior inferior
iliac spine
Pelvic brim
Acetabulum
Pubic tubercle
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis
Ischium
Pubic arch
Obturator foramen
PLAY
Animation: Rotatable pelvis
Figure 7.29
Ala
Posterior
superior
iIiac spine
Posterior inferior
iliac spine
Greater sciatic
notch
Ischial body
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic
notch
Ischium
Ischial
tuberosity
Ilium
Iliac crest
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Anterior inferior
iliac spine
Acetabulum
Pubic body
Pubis
Obturator foramen
(a) Lateral view, right hip bone
Figure 7.30a
Ilium
Iliac crest
Posterior
superior
iliac spine
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Anterior inferior
iliac spine
Pubic tubercle
Posterior
inferior
iliac spine
Greater sciatic notch
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Obturator
foramen
Ischium
(b) Medial view, right hip bone
Figure 7.30b
Gender Differences of the Pelvis
Male
Female
Bones of the Lower Limbs: Femur and Kneecap
 The thigh has one
bone
• Femur
• Patella
Bones of the Lower Limbs
 The leg has two bones
• Tibia
• Fibula
The thinner fibula is lateral,
thicker tibia is medial.
(Thin Fib Lateral)
Bones of the Lower Limbs
 The foot
• Tarsus – ankle
Hallux
• Metatarsals – sole
• Phalanges – toes
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