Biol 260 Theory Exam 081811
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
Most questions are meant to be answered with one to two words or a short phrase. I will grade the first
answer that you write and ignore anything further. Each question is worth 3 points. Partial credit can be
given where applicable.
1. Name one domain of organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus.
2. Name one type of eukaryotic organism that can be found as both single-celled and multicellular
organisms?
3. The scientific name of an organism includes the _________ and _________.
4. Which domain of life contains members with odd shaped cells such as squares?
5. Which type of electron microscopy allows you to view internal structures of a cell?
6. Mycology is the study of what organism?
7. Besides different forms of microscopy, what is a way to increase contrast of a biological sample?
8. What is the genus of the smallest known living organism? Hint: Jenny thinks it is a "pain in the butt"
because it contaminates her malaria cultures.
9. Agar is obtained from what eukaryotic organism?
2
10. What type of fungi may grow as mycelia OR yeast and are often associated with disease in humans?
(Note: I am looking for a descriptive term, NOT a specific genus or species)
11. What type of stain is useful for distinguishing a small group of organisms that includes Mycobacterium?
12. Which type of bacteria has a cell wall with a thin layer of peptidoglycan between the cytoplasmic
membrane and an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharide?
13. Name the dormant cell type of bacteria.
14. What biosafety level is required to grow malaria parasites in the lab?
15. What type of algae has silica incorporated into their cell wall and contributes to diatomaceous earth after
it dies and settles to the ocean floor?
16. Coccidiomycoses and Histoplasmosis are diseases caused by what type of non-photosynthetic
eukaryotic microbe?
17. How many micrometers (um) are in a meter (m)?
18. During which phase of growth are bacteria most susceptible to antibiotics?
19. What type of organism can grow both in the presence or absence of oxygen?
20. What do we call organisms that use CO2 as their source of carbon?
3
21. What % of ethanol is required to kill microbes?
22. Organisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis produce what molecule that is essential for life on
earth?
23. The main purpose of fermentation is to recycle electron carriers for which metabolic pathway?
24. Name the cellular process that uses a DNA template to make messenger RNA.
25. What is the process of killing or removing ALL the microorganisms in or on a material?
26. What type of metabolism requires energy for the synthesis of larger molecules?
27. What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
28. Name ONE way a bacterial cell uses proton motive force.
29. Name the cellular process that uses messenger RNA to make protein.
30. Name the process by which genes are transferred into bacteria via cell-to-cell contact with another
bacterial cell.
31. Name the test that determines whether a chemical is mutagenic (causes mutations).
32. Name one genera of a microorganism that produces antibiotics.
4
33. Name the conditions (2) in which the Lac operon is transcribed (i.e. ON).
34. Name ONE antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan synthesis.
35. Name ONE reason why an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is hard to treat with antibiotics.
36. What does MRSA stand for?
37. As a patient, what is the best way to prevent drug resistance?
38. Which genus of bacteria is innately resistant to cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
39. What family of viruses brings along a reverse transcriptase to make DNA from its ssRNA genome?
40. What type of infectious agent is made up of only protein and causes diseases of the nervous system
(spongiform encephalopathy)?
41. Name one enterohemorrhagic strain of E.coli that is involved in serious human disease.
42. In what form does Entamoeba histolytica enter the body?
43. Name one way normal flora competes with pathogens in your body.
44. Name the process in which a host cell engulfs a microbe and degrades it by enzymatic digestion.
5
45. Name ONE way effluent is disinfected before being discharged into receiving water.
46. Name ONE organism that causes water-borne disease (protozoa, bacteria, or virus). Please list genus
and species where applicable.
47. Which sewage treatment step removes the majority of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?
48. Name ONE serovar of Salmonella (hint: you will write 3 words).
49. Name ONE organism (genus & species) that causes foodborne illness through intoxication.
50. Name ONE condition that encourages bacterial growth in food?