Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park
Development Project
Zanzibar, Tanzania
A Medium Sized Project Brief Submitted to the
Global Environmental Facility
January 20001
Commission for Natural Resources & CARE-Tanzania
P.0.Box 3526, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Tel/Fax 255-811 320140, 255-54-236089,
careznz@twiga.com
Table of Contents
Project Summary
Project Description
Incremental Cost Assessment
Budget
Project Implementation Plan
Public Involvement Plan
Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
Annexes
2
4
14
17
17
17
19
19
Acronyms
CBD
CARE
CNR
GEF
GoZ
ICD
JCBCA
JECA
NGO
UNDP
1
Convention on Biological Diversity
An International Non-Governmental Development Organisation
Commission for Natural Resources, GoZ
Global Environmental Facility
Government of Zanzibar
Integrated Conservation and Development
Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area
Jozani Environmental Conservation Association
Non-Governmental Organisation
United Nations Development Programme
This proposal has been revised following comments from GEF Secretariat in Dec 1999.
D:\219472245.doc
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
GEF Medium-sized Project Brief
Project Summary
Project Identifiers
1 Project Name:
2 GEF Implementing agency
3 Country of
Implementation:
4 Country Eligibility:
5 GEF Focal Area:
6 Operational Programmes
Development of Jozani-Chwaka Bay National
Park, Zanzibar Island, Tanzania
UNDP
Tanzania – Zanzibar
Ratified CBD 3/1996; Joined GEF 4/1996;
Eligible to receive UN support.
Biodiversity
Forest ecosystems, and Coastal, marine and
freshwater ecosystems
7 Project linkage to national priorities, action plans and programmes:
The United Republic of Tanzania, since the time of the Arusha Manifesto at
independence, has been committed to the conservation of its natural resources.
Zanzibar, as an semi-autonomous state within the United Republic of Tanzania, with a
separate Ministry relating to conservation management, has set its own conservation
policies. The conservation of Jozani Forest has been consistently stated as a Zanzibar
priority. The area is listed as a priority in the Zanzibar’s Biodiversity Strategy, the
Zanzibar Forest Policy and the Zanzibar Forestry Legislation of 1996. This project is
a priority of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Resources.
8 GEF national operational focal point and date of country endorsement:
The first version was submitted in May 1988 to the Zanzibar Government who
approved it, and forwarded the concept note to the National GEF Focal Point in
September 1988. This project brief was endorsed by the National Focal Point and
submitted to UNDP in June 1999. The endorsement letter is attached as Annex 2.
Project Objectives and Activities
9.Project rationale and objectives
Final goal: The Core Conservation Area (The Proposed National Park) within the Jozani-Chwaka Bay
Conservation and Development Area (biodiversity conservation and community development) is effective,
productive, harmonised and sustainable in the longer term.
Intermediate goals
1. The biodiversity of the Jozani Legal and sustainable use of the proposed National Park’s use
Chwaka Bay area is protected
zones have been established by the end of the project.
managed and utilised sustainably
 Jozani Population of Red Colobus Monkey remains stable during
the life of the project
 8 Shehia forests are managed by approved Shehia forest
management plans by the end of the project.
 Public support for the Protected Area has increased from year one
to year three
 48% of the Jozani revenues are contributing to the Jozani
2. The livelihood security of
Community Development Fund one-year after start date.
communities adjacent to Jozani Production of the Community managed Shehia forests is
2
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
2
Chwaka Bay Conservation Project is
enhanced.
10. Expected Outcomes (including
cost in US$ of each outcome)
sustainable and optimising revenue for Shehia members by end of
project.
1. National Park Gazettement. Jozani
is gazetted and managed as a
National Park under relevant
Legislation ($94,890)
(GEF- MSP2)
 Gazette notice for the National Park in place by the end of the
project
 Park Boundary demarcated by the end of the project
 Approved Management Plan in Place immediately on gazettement
2. Institutional Development.
Institutions involved in natural
resources management JozaniChwaka Bay area strengthened and
enhanced. ($258,800)
(GEF-MSP, Ford & Gov. Austria)
 The Jozani Environmental Conservation Association develops
natural resource management skills by end of the project
 The Commission for Natural Resources improves its capacity to
manage the National Park by the end of the project.
3. Protected Area Management.
Financially, socially and ecologically
sustainable protected area
management systems in place at the
Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation
Area ($331,900).
(GEF-MSP, CARE & GoZ)
 Jozani revenues are meeting significant % of the running costs of
the protected area by the end of the project
 Low level of illegal activities in Jozani protected area maintained
 The ecological values of Jozani-Chwaka Bay are well understood
and documented
 Progress is made on Biosphere reserve status by the end of the
project
4.
Rare Species Conservation. The
decline in rare and endangered
fauna and flora halted and recovery
promoted. ($221,060) (GEF-MSP)
 Populations of the endangered species(especially the Zanzibar Red
Colobus and the Ader’s Duiker) do not further decline within the
sustainable development area
 Adequate information is gathered on threats to the rare species of
major taxa within the core protected area two years after start date
5.
Community Based Natural
Resources Management. Jozani
adjacent communities are committed
to, and empowered to manage and
benefit from their own natural
resources. ($311,300)
(GEF-MSP, Ford & Gov. Austria)
 80% of project participants recognise the benefit of protecting
Shehia forests by end of project year two
 All shehias forests have been demarcated and have management
plans.
 50% increase in the number of project participants in favour of
Jozani protected area from year 1 to year 3
 A procedure in place for resolving the critical Natural Resource
conflicts by year two
6.
Policy and Legislation
Implementation. Implementation of
legislation and policies appropriate
to conservation and development in
the Jozani-Chwaka area advocated.
($74,600)
(GEF- MSP)
 80% of project participants aware of and understand relevant
legislation by end of year two
 Community members participate in developing regulations for local
implementation of relevant legislation
 Progress has been made in the implementation of the sustainable
development area as a planning unit under the planning legislation
7.
Alternative income generation.
Jozani adjacent communities
develop appropriate alternative
income generating activities which
reduce community dependence on
natural resources and assist in
community development.($300,000)
 A self financing credit scheme is in operation by the end of 1999
 A total of 10 Income generating projects established in 8 villages
by the end of year 1999.
 48% of Jozani revenue is being passed to a Jozani Community
Development Fund for community development by yr. 1.
Under each outcome an indication is made as to which agency is providing funds to this outcome.
3
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
(Ford Foundation, MacKnight
Foundation and Gov. Austria)
11. Project activities to achieve outcomes. See Annex 1, the Project Logical Framework which includes cost of
each activity in US$, for the GEF funding.
12. Estimated budget (US$)
GEF:
$747,500
Co-financing*: $100,000
Government of Zanzibar
$160,050
Government of Austria
$55,000
CARE Austria
$330,000
Ford Foundation
Total:
$1,592,5503
Govt Baseline
$300,000
(Note*: The co-financing of 645,050$ that is included here, is committed and in place. Other co-financing which is
expected, totaling 258,000$ (CARE, Ford, McNight) but not yet committed, is not included in these calculations).
The baseline inputs from Government estimated at 300,000$, cover policy, governance and regulatory functions
from government at central, district and community levels, plus community development and extension support.
INFORMATION ON INSTITUTIONS SUBMITTING PROJECT BRIEF
13. Information on project proposer; CARE Tanzania, on behalf of the Commission of Natural Resources and
Jozani Communities in Zanzibar.
14. Information on executing agencies: The project will be a partnership of three institutions, these are:
Commission for Natural Resources (CNR) is the Government of Zanzibar institution responsible for management
of land and marine resources in Zanzibar, within the Zanzibar Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural
Resources.
CARE International in Tanzania, an international relief and development NGO, which supports the:
Jozani Environmental Conservation Association (JECA), which represents all eight communities that surround
the protected area.
15. Date of initial submission of the concept: 29th September 1998
INFORMATION TO BE COMPLETED BY IMPLEMENTING AGENCY
16. Project identification number: 1136 PIMS
17. Implementing Agency contact person: UNDP Country Office, Tanzania. S Sisila & A. Rodgers
18. Project linkage to Implementing Agency programs: The UNDP Country Programme inTanzania has had a long
tradition of community and conservation projects in Tanzania, including Zanzibar. This project fits well within the
present UN - Country priorities for Tanzania of Governance (including decentralisation and community
involvement), Environment and Poverty Alleviation. UNDP works within Zanzibar on governance programmes. UN
support to Sustainable Cities programmes now includes Zanzibar, including activities on sustainable fuel-use.
Project Description
Project Rationale and Objectives
Conservation Values
The Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area (which consists of a protected core area
of 56sq km and buffer in excess of 80 sq km) is the single most important site for the
conservation of Zanzibar’s globally significant biodiversity. The biodiversity of
Jozani includes a unique plant community -Calophyllum-Elaeis-Pandanus Swamp
Forest. This is a unique coastal forest on coral rock with shallow humic soils, and a
high water table. Seasonally it floods creating a forested wetland with little studied
aquatic invertebrates and amphibians. It is also the type location of a species of
freshwater crab. The area is home to two larger mammal species, the Zanzibar Red
3
The co-financing figures change, since first submission as CARE add 15,000$ for a visitor centre,
Ford have added 200,000$ for community issues. The McNight Foundation are considering 200,000$
for "women's groups income generation".
4
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Colobus, which is endemic to Zanzibar, and the Ader’s Duiker, possibly found only in
one other location (Arabuko Sokoke Forest, Kenya). In addition the areas contains
coastal endemic birds, endemic herptiles, invertebrates and plants (see box). The
Zanzibar Red Colobus Monkey, and Ader's Duiker, are among the rarest monkey and
duiker on the continent. Their survival is heavily dependent on Jozani Forest (and this
project). The Zanzibar Leopard, a distinct race of leopard, which is smaller and has a
distinct coat pattern, compared to mainland animals, has not been reliably recorded for
a number of years. The last confirmed evidence (scat) was recorded two years ago
and the leopard is feared close to extinction if not already extinct.
The Jozani area is also important as it contains typical coastal habitats in close
proximity. The area shows an ecological transition from dry evergreen thicket on coral
rag through closed evergreen forest, to wet swamp forest and wetland and eventually
the mangroves fringing Chwaka Bay. It includes additional coastal habitats including
seagrass beds and mudflats. Chwaka Bay is a shallow open bay, and is itself a unique
geophysical feature. The bay supports the largest block of mangrove forest on
Zanzibar and an internationally important wintering population of the Crab Plover
(Dromas ardeola). It is recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA), by Bird-Life
International, and meets the criteria for an internationally important wetland area
under the RAMSAR convention. The buffer zone of the protected area includes area
of coral reef and there is a considerable variety of representative and unique habitats
and the transitions between them within a small area.
The area is a growing tourism attraction, with Jozani Forest averaging some 15,000
visitors a year (1996-9) or 17% of the total visitors to Zanzibar; and has considerable
eco-tourism potential4. Traditionally the forest and surrounding areas have been
major sources of forest resources, particularly timber, building poles, fuelwood, bush
meat and soil for shifting agriculture. The wider Jozani area supports over 20,000
people and is a major supplier of fuelwood to Zanzibar Town (population 250,000)
Indicative Biodiversity values of Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area
For this analysis endemic = Endemic to Zanzibar (i.e. the islands of Pemba & Unguja).
Mammals:
Birds:
Butterflies:
Reptiles:
Plants:
Endemic species 1, near endemic species 1, endemic sub-species c.6.
Endemic sub-species 1.
Endemic species 4, endemic sub-species 5.
Near endemic species 1.
Un-described species 1, near endemic species 1.
Global biodiversity values of the Jozani area have not been fully documented or
analyzed, and the above list is only indicative of the biodiversity values of the area.
Of particular interest is documenting the endemics of the Eastern Arc and Coastal
Forest Centre of Endemism, which includes Zanzibar. This analysis will show a much
higher rate of endemism.
4
The earlier GEF Project "Institutional Support for the Protection of East African Biodiversity" cofunded an international eco-tourism workshop that stressed the eco-tourism potential of Jozani. Most
visits are day-visits but inputs to communities and spin-off benefits continue to increase.
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Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Threats to Conservation
The area’s ability to provide biodiversity values and livelihood services has, however,
declined. This is due to dwindling wildlife populations, loss of habitat, degradation of
the forest resource, declining soil fertility and increasing human population numbers.
The local communities are experiencing declining household livelihood security
leading to escalating exploitation. The facts that there now are few unharvested
remnants of forest, that the Zanzibar Leopard is now likely to be extinct, and that
other larger mammals are threatened, are indicative of the decline.
Conservation Efforts
Conservation efforts at Jozani began modestly in 1990 with the decision to stop
commercial timber harvesting. In 1995 the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Project
was established between the Commission for Natural Resources and CARE Tanzania.
Significant successes have been achieved and a proposal is now before the
Government of Zanzibar to establish Jozani as a National Park. These efforts at
Jozani have now reached a critical stage. Past GEF input (Institutional Support for the
Protection of Biodiversity in East Africa - 1992-6), plus Finnida have assisted in
enhancing Zanzibar wide conservation efforts. This input provided an enabling
environment for conservation work, with awareness raising at high levels of
government, and provided infrastructural support and training for field conservation.
New policies and legislation are in place, which, amongst other things allow for the
establishment of National Parks and community involvement in forest conservation5.
At Jozani considerable efforts have been made, to work with surrounding
communities and each village has an operational conservation committee. Recently
the Jozani Environmental Conservation Association (JECA) has been registered as an
NGO. JECA represents villagers from eight key communities around Jozani, and five
additional villages have applied to join. It carries out a number of activities including
conservation education and forest protection. It will dedicate staff to community
forest management and is in the process of recruiting a VSO forester to provide
technical support. A number of JECA villages are establishing village forests
reserves adjacent to the proposed National Park, which, in some cases, will include
non-wood harvesting sanctuaries for the Ader’s Duiker, thus protecting both the
animal and its habitat.
Funding for the biodiversity conservation component of the first Jozani project
finished in May 1998, having set up the institutional capacity to allow for the creation
of a National Park. The Austrian Government and Ford Foundation assistance
through CARE continues to support the Jozani communities in community
management and sustainable development. All protected area management activities
(including forest protection) are being supported by retention of 30% of Jozani
revenues which has been approved by the government of Zanzibar. While this
welcome and laudable retention scheme has allowed some protection of the reserve, it
is not sufficient for effective conservation, as for example there is still occasional
hunting (including of Ader’s Duiker) within the forest reserve, and continued
5
The Zanzibar Legislative Assembly has just passed a Bill creating the Zanzibar Nature Conservation
Unit, a semi-autonomous body within the Commission for Natural Resources, which will be able to
retain all income etc. This process was started with support from the past GEF Institutional project!
6
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
excessive duiker hunting outside the reserve. There is also widespread forest cutting
in the wider Jozani area focusing on the last mature forest patches and numerous
fuelwood trucks travel to Zanzibar town daily. Recently a sub-population of the
Zanzibar Red Colobus were reduced from 200 individuals to 30 by farmers, who
killed or chased them away because of crop damage. There is thus an immediate
requirement to establish a core conservation component to secure the global
biodiversity benefit and build upon the foundation laid by the earlier project. Hence
the need, therefore, for this Medium Sized Project (MSP) for the development of the
proposed National Park.
Project fit within the GEF Portfolio for Tanzania.
Tanzania has a relatively diverse portfolio, with projects in Biodiversity, Climate
Change and International Waters, from all three implementing agencies. Many are
regional in nature, and with the exception of the large Lake Victoria project, the share
to Tanzania is under four million dollars on each of the projects. Tanzania however, is
a mega-biodiversity country, with globally recognized hotspots in all major biomes:
Marine waters
Fresh waters
Savannas
Forests
-
High biodiversity of the Western Indian Ocean
All three Great Lakes (Victoria, Tanganyika, Malawi)
Several saline-alkaline rift valley lakes
The savanna wildlife assemblages
The Coastal Forests
The Eastern Arc forests
The high mountain forests (eg Kilimanjaro)
The swamp forests
Tanzania from the United Nations perspective includes both the mainland and
Zanzibar. Natural resource jurisdictions are different however; with Zanzibar having
autonomy over its forests, wildlife and marine resources, through its own Ministry.
This proposal will be the first GEF project in Zanzibar, although the 1992-96 pilot
phase project “Institutional Support for the Protection of East African Biodiversity”
did have a component on Zanzibar. The achievements of this first project have been
summarised above.
Tanzania has three projects that address forest biodiversity. These are:
a)
b)
c)
Reducing Biodiversity Loss at Cross Border Sites in E Africa (Ongoing, Full)
Conservation of the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania (PDFA, B submitted)
Conservation of Coastal Forests of East Africa (Ken, Tz) (PDFA, B in prep)
The first two projects (a & b) are in very distinct ecosystems, geographically far apart
from this MSP proposal, and work with different threats and stakeholders. The last
project c) has greater linkages to this MSP for Jozani. The relationship between the
two, and the justification for this Jozani intervention, is brought out below.
A recent GEF initiative has started to examine the coastal forests of East Africa
(Kenya and Tanzania) as a whole. This is the UNDP – GEF project “Conservation of
the Coastal Evergreen and Dry forests of East Africa”, which is finalising a “PDF
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Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Block A” input. Preliminary scoping within the “PDF Block A” process showed the
need for two outputs: A “PDF Block B” activity leading to a full project for the
coastal forests of Kenya and Tanzania, and this immediate Medium Sized Proposal for
Jozani. The timetable for the larger regional project that will address the drier forest
reserves, suggests a PDF B submission in March 2000 and a Project Brief Submission
for Council in October 2001.
There are several justifications for a MSP for Jozani now, including:
a) The Jozani-Chwaka Conservation Area is a wet swamp forest, distinctive from the
other dry coastal forests of Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania, and Kenya. Jozani is
analogous to the "coastal" wet floodplain forests of Tana, Kenya, also with an
endemic red colobus. The Tana forests have a full sized GEF project.
b) It will be the only area in the coastal forests managed as a National Park, and
which has a high tourism potential.
c) It is the only coastal area with endangered larger mammal taxa in Tanzania. The
decline in the virtual endemic Ader’s Duiker is of serious concern and requiring
immediate attention. The current population estimated at less than 500 animals
and hunting is still widespread.
d) Jozani is the only area with a well-established community conservation initiative,
which has widespread support from communities and government.
e) There is a sizable co-financing input specifically for Jozani, working for
community based natural resource management. This MSP provides additional
funds for the conservation of biodiversity. The opportunity to work with such cofinancing is now, not in late 2001.
The Medium Sized Project therefore permits an immediate, globally significant
benefit. It will also ensure that the past conservation initiative is not lost, but built
upon and expanded. The Jozani activities through the past activity are already
providing “lessons learned” and feeding into the design of the larger GEF Coastal
Forest and other projects. As these activities continue to mature they will provide
further learning. Significant co-financing - looking at community initiatives - is in
place now and will disappear in less than two years. The opportunity for synergy
between GEF and CARE partners is now.
Goals
Final Goal
The Core Conservation Area (The Proposed National Park) within the JozaniChwaka Bay Conservation and Development Area (containing both biodiversity
conservation and community development) is effective, productive, harmonised
and sustainable in the longer term.
Intermediate Goals
1. The biodiversity of the Jozani-Chwaka Bay area is protected, managed and utilised
sustainably.
2. The livelihood security of communities adjacent to Jozani-Chwaka Bay
Conservation Project is enhanced.
8
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Existing country activities
The Government of Zanzibar has established the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation
Area. At the centre of this area is a number of Forest Reserves gazetted during the
1960s to 1980s. The Jozani-Chwaka Bay Proposed National Park has been negotiated
from the main block of these reserves with adjacent communities; consolidating the
conservation area and removing some anomalies. This National Park proposal is under
consideration by the Government of Zanzibar. Surrounding the proposed National
Park are other reserves and forest areas which will become gazetted village forest
reserves managed by villagers. These areas will act as buffer (support) zones to the
National Park and will be important wildlife areas as well as providing sustained flow
of forest resources. The remaining areas of settlement, agriculture, fishing grounds
will form part of a proposed planning area (or to use biosphere reserve terminology
“transition zone”) Planning areas are a legal designation in Zanzibar, which have more
strict planning regulations. Within the planning area sustainable development and
community based natural resources management will be further promoted such that
community livelihoods are enhanced and biodiversity is retained. The Government of
Zanzibar is constrained by a poor economic position and capacity and requires
assistance to achieve this goal.
In addition to Jozani the Commission of Natural Resources has established a number
of Marine Conservation Areas, one at Menai Bay (adjoining the Jozani area), Chumbe
Coral Park, and Misali Island Marine Conservation Area, Pemba. Ngezi Forest,
Pemba is the other main forest conservation area, as well as numerous other smaller
blocks of forest, which it is planned to include in the larger GEF coastal forest project.
A proposal to create a Division of Nature Conservation within the Commission for
Natural Resources is also before government.
GEF eligibility
The Jozani Planning Area fits under the GEF biodiversity focus and operational
programmes of both forest ecosystems, and coastal, marine and freshwater ecosystems
(including wetlands). The area has representative coastal habitats of Zanzibar
including swamp (groundwater) forest, coral rag forest, mangrove forest, saltmarsh,
and mudflats, sea grass beds and coral reef. All of these habitats, with the exception
of coral reefs, fall within the National Park, and there are extensive areas of some
habitats outside the Park.
National priorities and plans
Establishment of Jozani - Chwaka Bay Conservation Area is an objective of the
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Resources, one of the partnership
implementers. Conservation of forest coastal and marine habitats is part of the
Biodiversity Strategy for Zanzibar. Forest Policy has three main elements,
environmental protection, social equity and economic development. The project
reflects these elements in the National Forest Policy. The establishment of national
protected areas and community management areas is enshrined in both the new Forest
and Environment Legislation
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Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
National and Global integration
The Coastal forests of East Africa are gaining increasing recognition of their global
biodiversity conservation importance. In the absence of this global value, the national
priority would be to be support community livelihoods. Currently the communities
are forced into liquidating the natural capital within their areas to meet immediate
livelihood needs. Not only are forests becoming degraded due to over-harvesting, but
also permanent land-use change is taking place. While the current situation is not
sustainable, the long run national priority is to protect a representative sample of
forestland under sustainable use. While it is considered desirable by the government
to protect the full complement of species and habitats, it is not practical under the
current financial and capacity situation.
Current Situation
The United Republic of Tanzania has one of the lowest Gross National Products
(GNP) worldwide. The position in Zanzibar is a reflection of the United Republic as a
whole, and all conservation and development activities are dependent on outside
support. The Zanzibar forestry sector has increased its emphasis on biodiversity
conservation and the protection of Jozani in particular, since 1990, but lacks critical
capacity to implement. The Zanzibar economy has benefited from increased tourism
at Jozani Forest. Tourist arrivals at the Forest increased dramatically from 200 in
1991 to 17,000 in 1997. Austria support assisted the Commission for Natural
Resources to develop capacity to handle this visitor load. This needs now to be
strengthened by carrying out a risk assessment of this increased visitor load on the
Red Colobus Monkey and other biota, further staff training on visitor handling and
control and developing an improved relationship with the tourist industry.
Communities within the Jozani area are heavily dependent on forest resources, these
resources are under decline while human population growth continues. The
harvesting of these resources is unsustainable and reduced harvests of fuel wood and
building poles as well as declines in bush pig, suni, blue and Ader’s duiker as well as
Zanzibar leopard have occurred. The population of the Zanzibar Red Colobus is
considered stable at Jozani but peripheral populations are in decline in some adjacent
areas. Ader’s Duiker population is now as seriously low levels and activities to
support this species are a high priority. A number of studies have been done on the
vegetation and rare species, and some biodiversity data has been collected from
different areas. These studies have gaps and there is now a need to compile the
existing data and fill gaps in the knowledge through systematic biological inventory.
Communities are showing a serious interest in managing their forest areas but will
need considerable technical and institutional capacity building support to affect this.
Expected project outcomes, assumptions and context
The project will be implemented in the context of increasing recognition of the global
importance of the coastal forests of Kenya and Tanzania. Of the Tanzania coastal
forests Jozani Forest, is under some of the greatest pressure with high population
density and nearby urban populations. Conservation activities here at Jozani have
progressed further than many of the coastal forests on mainland Tanzania, and
parallels can be drawn with those forests near Dar es Salaam which are also under
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Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
pressure and are receiving increasing conservation attention. Increased input into
Jozani is already informing conservation activities at other coastal forests in the
region, which it is anticipated will benefit from other GEF support (the developing
project for drier coastal forests in Eastern Africa).
Project Outcomes
The overall project is expected to achieve seven outcomes in the area of Biodiversity
Conservation, Community Based Natural Resources Management and Alternative
Income Generation. These outcomes will allow the proper protection of biodiversity
within national and community protected areas, as well as a system of sustained use of
those species for which it is deemed appropriate. Using revenues generated by
tourism it is expected to assist community infrastructure development and the
development of alternative enterprises. The community itself is expected to play and
increasing role in project implementation through the recently registered Jozani
Environmental Conservation Association (JECA). GEF will be the main supporter to
four outcomes of the seven, and partial supporter to a further two (see Activity section
below for list of Project Outcomes).
Project Assumptions
National Park legislation was passed in Zanzibar in 1996, It is assumed that the
Government of Zanzibar will approve the Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park
submission. Currently the submission is being tabled in front of the Committee of
Principal Secretaries of Zanzibar, before consideration by the Cabinet of the
Government of Zanzibar. It is assumed that it will be acceptable to other institutions
within the Government of Zanzibar, that the support (buffer) zone around the
protected area is managed as a Planning Area under planning legislation, leading
ultimately to a submission as a Biosphere Reserve. It is not assumed that alternative
income generation will automatically lead to reduced and sustainable resources use.
Conversely it not assumed that communities would automatically reinvest increased
income into destructive activities. It is felt that the uses made of increased income
will depend on a number of factors that the project will endeavour to understand and
influence. Once identified, the project will promote the conservation supporting
factors. Currently the hypothesis regarding alternative income generation, that will be
tested by the project, is as follows:
“Increased household savings and income will increase household livelihood security
and reduce pressure on natural resources and lead to the sustainable conservation of
biodiversity, in the context of strong and environmentally aware community and
government institutions, strong community based natural resources management, and
environmentally sound criteria for the provision of financial and non-financial
business services.”
Activities and financial inputs needed to enable changes
Activities supporting the outcomes of Biodiversity Conservation, Community based
Natural Resources Management and Alternative Income Generation include, capacity
building, planning, training, advocacy, protection, research, revenue generation,
eco-tourism and conservation education. These activities are specified below under
each outcome and the cost of each activity is set out in the project log-frame, Annex 1.
11
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Activity List
1. National Park Establishment. Jozani is gazetted and managed as a National Park under
relevant Legislation (GEF-MSP)
1.1 Follow up and support is made to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Resources
regarding the gazettement of the conservation area as a National Park.
1.2 The park boundary is demarcated and marked by appropriate markers with agreement of
surrounding communities
1.3 The draft management plan and budget is reviewed and approved
1.4 Continue to develop the status of Jozani as a legal protected area including a submission as a
biosphere reserve.
2. Institutional Development. Institutions involved in natural resources management of Jozani-
Chwaka Bay area are strengthened and enhanced. (Ford Foundation, GoA, GEF-MSP)
2.1 Support the Jozani Environmental Conservation Association to develop its natural resources
management skills particularly over Shehia wood harvesting and hunting
2.2 Support the Commission for Natural Resources in developing its capacity to manage the National
Park taking into account the needs of and support to JCBCA adjacent communities.
3. Protected Area Management. Financially, socially and ecologically sustainable protected area
management systems in place at the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area (GEF-MSP, GoZ)
3.1 Improve, significantly strengthen and record the community integrated protected area patrol
system,
3.2 Implement JCBCA Management Plan
3.3 Improve the implementation of the approved system for the use of Jozani revenue for management
purposes.
3.4 Continue detailed resource use studies are carried out on species used from low impact use areas.
3.5 Agreements are developed with Jozani adjacent communities over the use of low impact use zones
within the periphery of Jozani-Chwaka Bay Proposed National Park
3.6 Continue to develop and evaluate appropriate ecotourism services and interpretation.
3.7 Develop Jozani headquarters infrastructure, staff housing, office and research facilities
4. Rare Species & Biodiversity Conservation. The decline in rare and endangered fauna and flora
is halted and recovery promoted while knowledge of Jozani biodiversity is increased. (GEF-MSP)
4.1 Refine and implement the Ader's duiker conservation and recovery plan
4.2 Develop and implement a conservation and recovery plan for the Zanzibar Red Colobus monkey
4.3 Develop a list of other rare species and their conservation needs, implement pilot activities where
appropriate
4.4 Carry out biological inventory for Jozani Chwaka-Bay Conservation and Development area for
major Taxa
4.5 Compile and carry out research and monitoring into the hydrological regime of JCBCA
5. Community Based Natural Resources Management. Jozani adjacent communities are
committed to and empowered to manage and benefit from their own resources. (GoA, GEF-MSP)
5.1 Implement an effective education campaign to inform communities of the Government’s
community management programme.
5.2 JECA and CNR finalise and further develop Shehia Forest Management Plans for the sustainable
use of Shehia forests.
5.3 Support JECA in the implementation of the Shehia Forest Management Plans
5.4 Develop a procedure for the resolution of Shehia boundary and other natural resources conflicts
6. Policy and Legislation Implementation. Implementation of legislation and policies appropriate
to conservation and development in the Jozani-Chwaka area advocated. (GEF-MSP)
6.1 Conduct policy & legislation workshops with stakeholders.
6.2 Work with the department of Lands and Environment over gazetting the sustainable development
area as a planning unit
12
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
7. Alternative Income Generation Jozani adjacent communities develop appropriate alternative
income generating activities which reduce community dependence on natural resources and assist
in community development.
7.1 Jozani-Community Development fund established as a legal entity with the potential to grow to a
national level.
7.2 Jozani Communities which effectively mobilise savings, and provide credit for the support of
environmentally friendly enterprises.
7.3 Community members who improve livelihoods and reduce pressure on natural resources establish
environmentally friendly enterprises. (Ford Foundation, GoAustria)
Sustainability and Risk Assessment
The project has strong support from many levels within the Zanzibar Government.
Nature conservation issues are being enhanced by the development of the Division for
Nature Conservation within the Commission for Natural Resources. Currently Jozani
retains 30% of its government revenue, which is used to cover running costs. The
Cabinet of the Government of Zanzibar has recently approved an increased retention
of Jozani revenue up to 80%. The 80% will be divided into 32% for running costs
and 48% for community development. The implementation of this approval is subject
to negotiation between the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Resources
and the Ministry of Finance6.
There is also strong support for the project from the communities. Through the
innovative development of a jointly managed community ecotourism project, a
boardwalk through an area of mangrove forest, sizable revenues have been flowing to
communities (c. US$ 20,000 over 2 years). Community institutions developed during
pilot phase have formed an NGO for reasons of sustainability. They have registered
the Jozani Environmental Conservation Association (JECA) - Jumiya ya Paa Nunga and have selected Ader’s duiker as an emblem
Stakeholder Involvement and Social Assessment
The pilot phase of the project started in 1995. A major emphasis was placed on
stakeholder involvement. PRA village profiles, cross-visits, video programmes, and
community meetings initiated community participation and provided a social
assessment. The forum for the collaborative management of natural resources in the
area was established; conservation committees in each shehia (village) and the
Advisory Committee representing eight villages, these committees will be the core of
the new NGO JECA (see public involvement plan)
The pilot phase of the project started in 1995. In May 1997, major stakeholders
confirmed their intention to complete the work of the project and designed, through a
participatory process, the second phase projecti. The following box presents the
community view of the progress of the pilot phase.
The Communities’ View of Successes of the Pilot Project Phase (1995-1997)
The following are some of the project achievements as perceived by the community:
 People’s awareness of conservation issues has improved significantly
 Conservation committees have been established in each of the seven villages around JCBCA
6
This is likely to be superceded by the Decision to create a Nature Conservation Unit with 100%
retention authority.
13
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
 Community has become involved in patrolling, protecting and managing their resources through the
conservation committees in each of the seven villages
 Implementation of community development projects is in progress
 A community development fund has been established recently. Funds from the donation box at
Jozani are expected to make a much needed contribution
 Construction of the mangrove boardwalk at Pete has been completed and its pilot management by
the Jozani-Pete community is about to begin. The boardwalk will benefit Pete/Jozani villagers as
well as other communities around JCBCA.
 Protective forest clothing and bicycles have been issued to all conservation committees
 Development of Shehia management plans and bylaws is in progress.
 Conservation education programme established. Village seminars and cross-visits within and outside
Zanzibar improved conservation awareness, understanding and commitment.
 Good relationships have been built and closer co-operation between community and project staff
created through village discussions, collaborative training and Advisory Committee meetings.
The communities identified further priority issues to be tacked in the project.
Community Identified Priority Issues For Project Continuation, 1997 onward.
Put proper attention to communication problems for the conservation and advisory committees.
Provide more conservation education to community
Promote conservation and environmental education to school children
Assist communities to development of feasible alternative sources of income to tree cutting
Resolve boundary conflicts between villages
Promote people’s awareness on the conservation of rare and endangered species of Zanzibar,
emphasising their importance to the environment
 Convince government to allow revenue sharing between Jozani management and community in all
areas where Red Colobus monkey destroy farmers’ crops. (Jozani earns revenue at the expense of
destruction of farmers crops by Red Colobus monkeys)
 Change the status of the Advisory Committee to an NGO (Done)
 Develop stronger collaboration between the stakeholders of JCBCA.






Incremental Cost Assessment
The Baseline Scenario
The Government of Zanzibar has made recent strides in raising the profile of
biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in Zanzibar policies and
legislation. This is a reflection of the importance placed on environmental
conservation and its role in human well being in Tanzania as a whole. The preliminary
Zanzibar Biodiversity Strategy of 1995ii has the objective to reduce the trend of loss of
biodiversity in Zanzibar and develop sustainable economic and social use of
indigenous ecosystems and species.
A number of steps have been made to implement this strategy. In terms of policy and
legislation, new environment and forestry policies and legislation have been put in
place. The environment legislation allows for the establishment of a protected area
system, and national parks (there are currently no national parks on Zanzibar.)
Forestry legislation allows for the establishment of Forest Nature Reserves. Both
pieces of legislation allow for the comprehensive community involvement in the
management of natural resources and protected areas.
14
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
The Cabinet of the Government of Zanzibar has approved the establishment of a
Division for Nature Conservation within the Commission for Natural Resources, as
the main marine and terrestrial biodiversity conservation agency of the government.
The Division of Nature Conservation will join the Division of Forestry and the
Division of Fisheries in the Commission but will have increased powers, equivalent to
that of a parastatal, (now approved by Parliament as an autonomous unit).
Government maintains governance and regulatory functions at both central and local
levels, and invests in community development extension and capacity building.
Despite these commitments the pressure on natural resources is high. The JozaniChwaka Bay Conservation Area is only 35kms from a large urban centre, Zanzibar
Town, which has a population of over 250,000 people and growing at a rate of 3.6%
per annum. Southern Unguja, where the protected area is located, continues to
provide the major fuelwood resources for the town. The last mature unprotected coral
forests are being cleared for fuelwood. The control of hunting has improved but is not
sufficient to ensure survival of the most endangered species especially as the habitat is
also very threatened. Government support to the Commission of Natural Resources
consists mainly of recurrent costs (largely salaries). While the Commission is now
allowed to use 30% of its revenues for the management of forests this still does not
match the needs. (Again this scenario is changing with the new Nature Conservation
Unit and greater autonomy and retention). Jozani itself provides about 70% of the
Commission’s revenue and this is used exclusively at Jozani. The CARE Austria
Project works with people in and around Jozani, and these community efforts are
showing considerable dividends. But there is a need to add a stronger and longer-term
conservation component to these development activities if the full potential of Jozani
is to be realised as an integrated conservation and development site
The GEF Alternative
The GEF Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Establishment Project builds on the
Baseline scenario in a positive way. The alternative will allow improved management
of the core protected area, as well promoting the sustainable management of the
community forests that adjoin it. At present the buffer-zone where the project actively
works is some 80 sq km. This will increase to include more of the adjacent and
partially degraded coral rag thickets, as the project demonstrates that conservation can
bring development.
These inputs will therefore conserve the globally important biodiversity of the area.
Other agencies (CARE, Ford Foundation) through ongoing financing mechanisms,
will support increased alternative income generating activities for the communities
surrounding the conservation area, and co-finance many of the components of the
overall Alternative.
Zanzibar has an adequate formal and approved set of policies and legislative processes
for the conservation of biodiversity. All these processes single out Jozani as the
single-most priority for conservation on account of its global and national
significance. But the policy principles need implementation on the ground. That is the
gap that this GEF project seeks to fill. Policies provide for CBNRM, for sustainable
15
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
use, for buffer zones, for greater support to Protected Areas, but these are still not
articulated in functional programmes and so are not fully in place at ground level.
Zanzibar is a conservative set of societies, changes take time to come into effect, but
once they do they have a strong ownership. The first box on page ten shows progress
to date, this is encouraging; but the second box shows there is still need for further
elaboration and consolidation.
There is growing awareness that the conservation of biodiversity (the forest resources
of Jozani) can provide benefit to communities and to government alike, but this
awareness needs backing up with long lasting examples. Improved tenure and access
to resources, greater involvement in the planning and management of resources,
sustainable use regimes etc are still bottlenecks, which this project will address.
The community NGO is new, it needs to build capacity and so credibility. Alternative
income generation is a real need. The overall Jozani project has secured considerable
co-financing to support AIG initiatives. Government is aware of the overall
importance of tourism to the national economy and the key role of natural resources in
supporting tourism. Government is committed to innovative development.
GEF Incremental Cost Analysis
Project Components
1 National Park Gazettement
2 Institutional Development
3 Protected Area Management
4 Rare Species Conservation
5 CBNRM
6 Policy and Legislation
7 Alternative Income Generation
Government Baseline Input
Sub-Total
The BaseLine
0
108,800
100,000
0
121,250
0
100,000
300,000*
730,050
Proposed
Alternative
94,890
258,800
431,900
221,060
311,300
74,600
300,000
GEF input to
the Increment
94,890
50,000
216,900
221,060
90,050
74,600
Nil
300,000
1,992,550
747,500
**Additional
Co-financing
100,000
115,000
100,000
200,000
515,000
* This is the cost of the ongoing conservation support programme over the coming 3 years,
involving Commission staff and support, District and Community governance inputs, tourism
support and infrastructure, and overall policy development.
** This has been secured in the past months. The Institutional Development funding and
CBNRM funding totalling 200,000$ are part of additional inputs from Ford Foundation. The
115,000$ for PA management is for a Visitor Centre from CARE (15,000) and the 100,000$
Government provided co-finance, which provide salaries and communications. The 200,000$
is expected from MacKnight Foundation for Womens Groups Income Generation
The total cost of the Jozani conservation and development activity over the next three
years is expected to be US$ 1,992,550. Of this $747,500 is being requested from the
GEF. The Government of Austria, CARE International, and the Ford Foundation
have committed US$ 430,050 to the baseline programme, plus Government of
Zanzibar baseline funding estimated at 300,000$. In addition Government of Zanzibar
and donors have contributed some 515,000$ for more recent co-finance. The GEF MSP plus the currently secured funding therefore totals 1,992,550$.
16
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Budget
COMPONENT
GEF
PROJECT TOTAL
CO-FINANCING
Zanzibar
Govt.
46,4538
Austria
Govt.
43,000
CARE
Austria
3,000
Ford
Other
Total Project
39,500
Total CoFinancing
131,953
Personnel:
176,0007
Subcontracts:
160,0009
-
55,000
5,000
13,000
73,000
233,000
Training:
61,000
26,460
8,000
7,000
40,000
81,460
142,460
Equipment & operations
239,10010
27,087
37,000
11,750
21,500
97,520
316,337
Travel:
20,000
-
2,000
2,000
2,000
6,000
26,000
Evaluation Mission:
31,400
-
6,000
9,000
2,000
17,000
48,400
Project Management
60,00011
-
9,050
2,250
12,000
23,300
103,400
15,000
200,000
200,000
415,000
415,000
747,500
100,00012
130,000
200,00013
430,050
1,177,550
Recent co-finance
Project total
160,050
40,000
307,953
Project Implementation Plan
The project will be managed by steering and management committees that are already
in place, and consist of the main stakeholders of the project. Quarterly planning and
reporting workshops, provide details for quarterly reports and modifications to the
annual work-plan, and also involve key stakeholders. A monitoring and evaluation
plan will be developed. Technical input will be made from the Conservation and
Development Coordinator on a half-time basis, as well as from consultants as
appropriate. Some components of the project will be implemented directly by each
partner through a sub-grant mechanism, managed by CARE Tz. Training in financial
management and sub-grant accounting will be given as a part of institutional capacity
building. To achieve most of the project outcomes, activities will be ongoing. A
detailed plan of the first twelve months of the project will be prepared on securing
funding.
Public Involvement Plan
Stakeholder identification
Stakeholders in the Jozani area were identified and became active in the start of the
project. Key stakeholders participated in the design of the present part of the project
which this proposal forms a major part. Key stakeholders and implementing project
partners are the Commission for Natural Resources, Jozani Environmental
Conservation Association and CARE Tanzania
Commission for Natural Resources
7
Project Personnel includes 50% Technical Advisor (50% on other CARE projects within Tanzania),
Full time government counterparts are already existing and represent in-kind contribution.
9
Subcontracts include consultancies, biological inventory, HQ development.
10
Landcruiser hardtop (2), motorcycles (4), patrol boats (2), computers (3) & office equipment
11
Includes project management costs (8%) of CARE Tanzania as lead executing agency.
12
Includes in-kind contributions of staff (but not equipment now used on the project) and 30% of the
revenue collected at Jozani used as running costs. Zanzibar Cabinet has approved 80% retention and
thus GoZ contribution will increase once modalities of this have been agreed.
13
Expected from MacKnight Foundation for AIG.
8
17
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
The Commission for Natural Resources (CNR) comprises two Divisions, the Division
for Fisheries and the Division for Forestry. A third division the Division for Nature
Conservation is under development. Forestry implements the project and co-ordinates
project activities with other relevant government and non-government institutions.
CARE International in Tanzania
Internationally CARE has implemented 18 integrated conservation and development
projects (ICDPs) since 1988, and currently has five ICD projects in the region; in
Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Madagascar. CARE established a presence in Tanzania
in 1994 in response to the crisis in Rwanda and subsequent influx of refugees in to NW
Tanzania. Since then it has established a long-term programme in Tanzania and is
currently also involved in projects as diverse as rehabilitation of refugee affected areas,
integrated conservation and development in Zanzibar, support to the Tanzania Midwives
Association, sustainable household livelihood security, girls education and credit &
savings schemes. In 1998 CARE Tz., selected Integrated Conservation and
Development (ICD), with Health and Education as its core programming areas for the
next five years. CARE International is developing an ICDP network and has recently
hired a network coordinator. The project will therefore link with ICDP’s inside and
outside CARE and be able to be informed by best practice elsewhere. CARE takes a
household livelihood security approach to development, and recognises that some of the
most livelihood insecure communities live in areas where the environment is degraded.
Jozani Environmental Conservation Association
Initiated as the “Jozani-Chwaka Bay Advisory Committee” a body to represent the
interests of villages surrounding the protected area, the Advisory Committee has
developed into an implementation partner. It in now an NGO14, which will coordinate conservation and development activities in the adjacent villages. Currently
the Advisory Committee consists of voluntary representatives appointed from member
village conservation committees. The Advisory Committee has already started to take
responsibility for some project activity implementation participating in forest and
hunting patrols, forest fire-fighting, conservation education programmes, community
development projects and advocacy at the village level.
Information dissemination and consultation
Steering committee meetings are held twice per year, management committee
meetings four time per year and advisory committee meetings monthly. Key
documents are translated into English or KiSwahili depending on their language of
origin. Community conservation committees meet regularly. There are formal links
between these groups. District and Regional Authorities are kept regularly involved
in project activities. Information dissemination is also made during radio and
television broadcasts that reach many of the projects stakeholders.
Stakeholder participation
JECA is a project partner and represents all the protected area adjacent communities.
14
JECA became an NGO in June 1999.
18
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Social and participation issues
Zanzibari culture is Islamic and Islam recognises and encourages the rights of women.
Nevertheless women - especially in rural areas - remain little empowered in decision
making and leadership. The low level of women’s participation in decision making
has been reflected in the village conservation committees. During Phase I of the
project, women’s membership of village conservation committees and Advisory
Committee was advocated by the Project with the result that the men created the
opportunity for women to participate. On the Advisory committee women’s
representation has increased from 0% to 30% to 50% in the space of three years.
Thirty to fifty percent representation is the norm in most project activities. In a
culture where women are not used to contribute their views in public, female
participation has been passive. Of late however women participating in the project are
beginning to find their voices and more actively participate.
During Phase II the project (of which this proposal forms a part), further efforts will
be made to increase the awareness of women community members of their rights,
responsibilities and capabilities and to provide appropriate training. The focus will be
the working with existing women’s groups so that female community representatives
have mechanisms to fully discuss issues before presentation to the men. The
participation of women will continue to be monitored during Phase II.
Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
Monitoring and evaluation will be carried out following CARE and UNDP guidelines
for these activitiesiii. A mid term review will be carried out at the middle of the
project. A final evaluation will be done at the end of the project. In addition “process”
data will be collected in the course of implementing activities. Monitoring will be
carried out in a participatory way with project stakeholders. Survey tools will be
developed for the different evaluation stages including the collection of baseline data.
Narrative quarterly progress reports on all aspects of project progress will be written.
Within the framework of the project also more detailed annual reports about project
progress and working plans will be prepared. Two financial reports are to be submitted.
The Steering Committee and a Project Management Committee, consisting of
representatives of the Ministry for Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Resources, the
Commission for Natural Resources, the Jozani Advisory Committee, CARE Tanzania, the
Zanzibar Government and UNDP, will meet to monitor and evaluate project progress; and
to agree strategies and new directions to take in project implementation.
The project will be monitored on site by the Conservation and Development Coordinator
for CARE Tanzania. Additionally the CARE Country Director will visit the project at
least twice a year for monitoring purposes. Shortly before the project period is scheduled
to end, an external evaluation mission will evaluate the achievements of the project.
Annexes
Annex 1 Project Logical Framework
19
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Annex 2 Map of the Project Area
Annex 3 Endorsement Letter from the GEF Focal Point, Tanzania.
Meacock, D. and Kitwana, M (eds.). 1997. Proceedings of the Phase II Planning Workshop of the
Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Project, May 1997, Available in KiSwahili and English. Report for
Commission for Natural Resources and CARE Tanzania.
COLE, 1996. Zanzibar Biodiversity Strategy. Commission for Lands and Environment (COLE).
CARE. 1996. Guidelines for assessing and enhancing the impact of agriculture and natural resources
projects, 103pp. Agriculture and Natural Resources Unit, CARE USA, Atlanta.
20
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Annex 1. Logical Framework: The Development of Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, Zanzibar.
Project Title: Development of the Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, Zanzibar, Tanzania
OBJECTIVE
INDICATORS
Planning Period;
July 1999- June 2002
VERIFICATION


Country: Tanzania
IMPORTANT
ASSUMPTIONS
Impact (final goal)
The Core Conservation Area (The Proposed National Park)
within the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation and Development
Area (biodiversity conservation and community development)
is effective, productive, harmonised and sustainable in the
longer term
Effects (intermediate goals)
1. The biodiversity of the Jozani-Chwaka Bay area is
protected managed and utilised sustainably





1. The livelihood security of communities adjacent to JozaniChwaka Bay Conservation Project is enhanced.


Legal and sustainable use of the proposed
National Park’s use zones have been
established by the end of the project.
Low level of illegal activities in Jozani
protected area maintained *
Jozani Population of Red Colobus Monkey
stable or increases during project life
8 Shehia forests managed by approved
management plans by the end of the project.
Public support for the Protected Area has
increased by 50% from year 1 to year 3.
48% of the Jozani revenues are contributing
to the Jozani Community Development Fund
one year after start date.
Production of the Community managed
Shehia forests is sustainable and optimising
revenue for Shehia members by project end.
Quantified estimates will be developed.
21


Baseline and end of
project surveys,
business records
Baseline surveys
Advisory Committee
minutes
patrol records
NP status acceptable to
other GoZ institutions
GoZ approves the National
Park submission.
Support (buffer) zone
around the PA is approved
as a Planning Area under
planning legislation.
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
EXPECTED OUTCOMES AND ACTIVITIES
1. National Park Establishment. Jozani is gazetted and
managed as a National Park under relevant Legislation
INDICATORS AND MILESTONES
VERIFICATION
BUDGET15
Gazette notice for the National Park in place by the end of the project. Park Boundary demarcated by the end
of the project. Approved Management Plan in Place immediately on gazettement.
($94,890)
1.1 Follow up and support is made to the Ministry of
Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Resources regarding the
gazettement of the conservation area as a National Park.
1.2 The park boundary is demarcated and marked by appropriate
markers with agreement of surrounding communities
1.3 The draft management plan and budget is reviewed and
approved
1.4 Continue to develop the status of Jozani as a legal protected
area including a submission as a biosphere reserve
2. Institutional Development. Institutions involved in natural
resources management Jozani-Chwaka Bay area
strengthened and enhanced.
Gazettement proposal considered by the Cabinet of the Government of
Zanzibar
Cabinet meeting
reports
Boundary demarcation complete (expected to be some 100km)
Management Plan document in place
Boundary Markers in 44,120
place
Document
18,900
Biosphere Reserve application submitted
Document
2.1 Support the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Community Association to
develop its natural resources management skills particularly over
Shehia wood harvesting and hunting
2.2 Support the Commission for Natural Resources in
developing its capacity to manage the National Park taking into
account the needs of and supports JCBCA adjacent communities.
3. Protected Area Management. Financially, socially and
ecologically sustainable protected area management systems
in place at the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area
Training is carried out for all key staff, sufficient responsible staff are in Training reports
place
67,700
Capacity building document in place
61,100
3.1 Improve and significantly strengthen and record the
community integrated protected area patrol system,
3.2 Implement JCBCA Management Plan
3.3 Improve the implementation of the approved system for the
use of Jozani revenue for management purposes.
Improved system documented and implemented
15
19,870
12,000
The Jozani-Chwaka Bay Community Association develops natural resource management skills by end of the
project. The Commission for Natural Resources improves its capacity to manage the National Park by the end
of the project..
($158,800, + 100,000)
Jozani revenues are meeting a significant % (> 70%) of the running costs of the protected area by the end of
the project. Low level of illegal activities in Jozani protected area maintained.. Progress is made towards
biosphere reserve status
($316,900 + 15,000)
Jozani being managed on the basis of the management plan
Revenue retained from Jozani is budgeted, managed and flows from
Jozani via the Ministry of Natural Resources and back efficiently
This includes present baseline funding, plus GEF intervention, plus new co-financing recently secured.
22
Document and
monthly reports
Monthly reports
Monthly reports
60,100
37,100
24,100
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
3.4 Continue detailed resource use studies are carried out on
species used from low impact use areas.
3.5 Agreements are developed with Jozani adjacent communities
over the use of low impact use zones within the periphery of
Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area.
3.6 Continue to develop and evaluate appropriate ecotourism
services and interpretation.
3.7 Develop Jozani headquarters infrastructure, staff housing,
office and research facilities
4. Rare Species & biodiversity Conservation. The decline in
rare and endangered fauna and flora is halted and recovery
promoted while knowledge of Jozani biodiversity is
increased.
4.1 Refine and implement the Ader's duiker conservation and
recovery plan
4.2 Develop and implement a conservation and recovery plan for
the Zanzibar Red Colobus monkey
4.3 Develop a list of other rare species and their conservation
needs, implement pilot activities where appropriate
4.4 Carry out biological inventory for Jozani Chwaka-Bay
Conservation and Development area for major Taxa
4.5 Compile and carry out research and monitoring into the
hydrological regime of JCBCA
5. Community Based Natural Resources Management. Jozani
adjacent communities are committed to and empowered to
manage and benefit from their own resources.
Studies are carried out on the 5 most important species
Reports
38,900
Agreements are signed
Agreements
30,900
Tourism Plan reviewed and implemented
Plan document and
monthly reports
Buildings
38,900
5.1 Implement an effective education campaign to inform
communities of the Government’s community management
programme.
5.2 JCB Community Association and CNR finalise and further
develop Shehia Forest Management Plans for the sustainable use
of Shehia forests.
Community awareness of topics within the education programme
increase by 50% from project start to project end
baseline/endline
surveys
56,900
Shehia forest plans and agreements in place and functioning for all
communities that are members of Jozani Advisory Committee
agreements, reports
and survey
59,700
Staff housing (for 10 +) and Jozani Office in place
86,900
Populations of the endangered species do not further decline within the sustainable development area.
Adequate information is gathered on the threats to rare species of major taxa within the core protected area
two years after start date
($221,060 + 100,000).
Decline in Ader's duiker halted and recovery promoted within the
Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation and Development Area.
Population of the Zanzibar Red Colobus stabilized in the JozaniChwaka Bay Conservation and Development Area.
List of Rare Species developed with annotated actions.
Population survey
41,600
Population survey
38,000
List
33,000
Knowledge of 5 most important Jozani Species improved
Inventory data
66,700
The hydrological regime of Jozani understood and implications of
Report
41,900
abstraction evaluated
80% of project participants recognise the benefit of protecting Shehia forests by end of project year two. All
shehias forests have been demarcated and have management plans. 50% increase in the number of project
participants in favour of Jozani protectection.
($211,300)
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Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
5.3 Support the Jozani Advisory Committee in the
implementation of the Shehia Forest Management Plans
5.4 Develop a procedure for the resolution of Shehia boundary
and other natural resources conflicts
6. Policy and Legislation Implementation. Operational
legislation and policies appropriate to conservation and
development in the Jozani-Chwaka area advocated.
6.1 Conduct policy & legislation workshops with stakeholders.
6.2 Work with the department of Lands and Environment over
gazetting the Sustainable development area as a planning unit
7. Alternative Income Generation Jozani adjacent
communities develop appropriate alternative income
generating activities which reduce community dependence on
natural resources and assist in community development.
7.1 Jozani-Community Development fund established as a legal
entity with the potential to grow to a national level.
7.2 Jozani Communities which effectively mobilse savings, and
provide credit for the support of environmentally friendly
enterprises.
7.3 Environmentally friendly enterprises are established by
community members which improve livelihoods and reduce
pressure on natural resources.
Advisory Committee has trained staff in forest management
staff in place
50,900
A procedure in place for resolving the critical Natural Resource
procedure
43,800
conflicts by year two.
documented
80% of project participants aware of and understand relevant legislation by end of year two. Community
members participate in developing regulations for local implementation of relevant legislation ($74,600).
36,900
Progress has been made in the implementation of the sustainable
reports
31,700
development area as a planning unit under the planning legislation.
A self financing credit scheme is in operation by the end of 1999. Ten Income generating projects well
established on 8 villages by the end of year 1999. 48% of Jozani revenue is being passed to a Jozani
Community Development Fund for community development.
($100,000 + 200,000)
Fund structure and constitution developed and submitted to
appropriate authorities by Yr 3.
One community finance association established in each shehia by Yr3
The Jozani Community members most dependent on forest resources
are benefiting from involvement in alternative community enterprises.
Expected to be 20% of population.
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fund constitution
30,000
reports
40,000
reports
30,000
Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
Map of the Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Area
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Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
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Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Development Project, Zanzibar, Tanzania (Revised)
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