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Hydraulic Fracturing
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Classes of Additives
Purpose
Examples
Acid
Facilitates entry into rock
formations
hydrochloric acid
Biocides
Kill bacteria and reduce risk
of fouling
glutaraldehyde, 2,2 Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
Breaker
Facilitate proppant entry
peroxodisulfates
Clay stabilizer
Clay stabilization
salts, ie tetramethylammonium chloride
Corrosion inhibitor
Well maintenance
methanol
Crosslinker
Facilitate proppant entry
potassium hydroxide
Friction reducers
Improve surface pressure
sodium acrylate, polyacrylamide
Gelling agents
Proppant placement
guar gum
Iron control
Well maintenance
citric acid, thioglycolic acid
Scale inhibitor
Prevention of precipitation
ammonium chloride, ethylene glycol,polyaccrylate
Surfactant
Reduction in fluid tension
methanol, isopropanol
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"significant potential risks to human
health and the environment."
January 2011
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• Water Contamination
• Ground Contamination
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Lack of regulations
Guardian Newspaper,
31st August 2011
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Air Pollution
Huffington Post
3rd August 2011
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Earthquakes?
BBC News
31st May 2011
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“CONTROVERSIAL gas drilling DID cause Fylde coast earthquakes.”
The Blackpool Gazette
16th October 2011
“..earth tremors felt nearby [Lancashire drilling site] were most
likely to have been caused by fracking”
British Geological Survey
16th October 2011
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Over Estimated Reserves
Western Mail 11th June 2011
Business Insider 24th Aug 2011
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Multiple Drill Rigs
Wyoming, USA
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Volume of Water Used
“On average, each well will use approx. 1 - 8
million gallons of water per frack”
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Other areas of concern..
• Tourism
• Property Value
• Increased Traffic
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