Unit 5a: Keeping Healthy The Heart and Lungs Key Stage 2: Year 5 Science by Mrs. Chapman, 2005 Greet School, Birmingham Introduction 1 The human body 2 What does the heart do? 3 Heart key facts 4 Heart health 5 What do the lungs do? 6 Lungs key facts 7 The circulation 8 Pulse and exercise 9 Pulse rate data 10 How do I look after them? Heart and lungs quiz Links for further study Unit 5a Keeping Healthy: The Heart and Lungs Year 5 Science by Mrs. Chapman The human body • Your body is very special. • We need to look after our bodies to stay healthy. • Although we may look still and quiet on the outside, our body is constantly moving and changing inside. • Can you find the brain, the heart and the lungs? Back to Introduction What does the heart do? • Your heart, made of muscle, pumps blood around your body via blood vessels (tubes). • The heart is inside your chest, protected by bones - the ribs and breast bone. • When the heart pumps, it beats - we measure the heartbeat via the pulse - easily found on your wrist and neck. • Blood carries oxygen to the parts of the body that need it. Back to Introduction Heart key facts • Your heart is about the size of your fist. • In most adults it beats about 70 times a minute (70 bpm). • In children and small animals, the heart beats faster. • The first heart transplant was in 1967. • You cannot normally live for more than 5 minutes if your heart stops beating. • Heart disease is the number 1 killer in the western world! • Doctors examine your heart by taking the pulse (to see how fast it’s beating), ECGs (special electrical rhythm charts), x-rays and scans including ultrasound (like an unborn baby scan). Back to Introduction Heart health Heart on chest x-ray Man having a chest x-ray Ultrasound output ECG graph output Back to Introduction What do the lungs do? • Your lungs receive the air you breathe in through your nose. • When you breathe in, the lungs puffout or inflate, and deflate when you breathe out. • From the air, they take the useful part - oxygen (a gas), and convert it for use in the body via the bloodstream. • The blood swaps carbon dioxide (the waste material) for oxygen in the lungs. This is why the lungs are often said to convert gases. Back to Introduction Lungs key facts • You have 2 lungs. • Your lungs are protected by your ribcage. • Close-up, they look like a wet sponge. • The left lung is smaller - to accommodate your heart (see the x-ray showing the heart). • Your lungs are particularly vulnerable to breathing-in nasty substances - toxic chemicals, smoke from fires and cigarette smoke all damage your lungs. Back to Introduction The circulation • Blood (with oxygen and nutrients) goes round our bodies via the heart. We call this circulation (from the word ‘circle’). • The heart sends blood to the lungs first to collect the oxygen from the air we’ve just breathedin, then it goes to where it’s needed (this is shown in red). • The blood then returns to the lungs via the heart (this is shown in blue) with carbon dioxide - the gas that we breathe out. • This is described as a figure of ‘8’. Back to Introduction Pulse and exercise • When you exercise parts of your body need an increased blood supply (more oxygen and nutrients) so your heart beats faster. • You also breathe faster to get more oxygen into your lungs, and to get rid of the carbon dioxide. • You also get hot and sometimes flushed (or red faced). • What parts of the body need an increased blood supply when running? • Take your resting pulse and produce a bar chart of your group’s results. • What is the most common range for pulse? Back to Introduction Pulse rate data After 2 min After 1 min Miss B Mr A Mrs C Jumping Rest 0 100 200 Back to Introduction How do I look after them? By doing exercise regularly: • our hearts get fitter and bigger - better at pumping blood and not needing to work so hard or fast. • our lungs get stronger and have increased capacity so we are able to take in more oxygen in a single breath. • we will feel healthier. • How can we check that exercise is good for our hearts or lungs? • What else could we check to see if exercise is good for us? Back to Introduction Heart and Lungs Quiz Are they True or False? • Your heart pumps blood around your body. • The heartbeat of smaller animals and children is slower than adults or big animals. • Your blood carries carbon dioxide to all the parts that need it . • Your lungs exchange gases. • Blood travels around the body in a figure of ‘8’. • Your pulse tells you how much air you are breathing. • Athletes have a slower resting pulse than unfit people. • The ribs are bones that protect the heart and lungs. • Exercise and eating healthily are good for your heart. Back to Introduction Heart and Lungs Quiz • Your heart pumps blood around your body. – • True The heartbeat of smaller animals and children is slower than adults or big animals. – • False – the smaller the animal the faster the heartbeat. Your blood carries carbon dioxide to all the parts that need it . – • False – the blood carries oxygen to all the parts that need it. Your lungs exchange gases. – • True Blood travels around the body in a figure of ‘8’. – • True Your pulse tells you how much air you are breathing. – • False – pulse tells us how fast your heart is beating. Athletes have a slower resting pulse than unfit people. – • True The ribs are bones that protect the heart and lungs. – • True Exercise and eating healthily are good for your heart. – True Back to Introduction Useful links for further study • http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/4/biology/abpi/heart/index.html Back to Introduction