Waste macro-management
Henrik Lid Scharff
What is waste?
Household waste
Sewage
Organics
Garbage
Paper
Rest
Special
Organic waste, traditionally
• Distributed sources
• Seen as resource
• Low impact on nature
• Natural relationship
• Heat, fertiliser, construction material..
• Used (very) locally
Organic waste, industrial age
• Concentrated sources
• Waste becoming a problem
• No local use
• Distancing relationship
• Sewage systems and sewage treatment plants
• Landfill and incinerators
Issues arising
• Spread of pathogens
• Concentrated outlets, high concentration of
nutrients, chemicals, heavy metals etc to:
• Water; rivers, lakes, fjords, seas
• Soil, landfill sites, industrial areas etc
• Air; local odours, methane to atmosphere
• Removal of nutrients from soil
Organic waste, recent
• National and regional regulations
• EU prohibited organic landfill in 2004
• Reduced disposal to nature
• Source (household) separation
• Advanced sewage treatment plants
Typical modern waste structure
Sewage
treatment
plants
Sewage
Water
Sea
Sludge
•Burning
•Landfill
•Compost
•..or
Organics
Garbage
Paper
Sorting
plant
Energy
Biogas plant
Rest
Special
Fertilizer
Current issues
• How to recycle nutrients?
• How to minimise spreading of pathogens?
• How to finally dispose?
• Transportation of
• Source separation issues
• Regulation; waste or products?
• Nutrients in final discharge water
End uses from Biogas plant
• Energy (Methane)
• Local direct uses
• Cleaned and Compressed or liquified to vehicle fuel
• Electricity production (gas engine or turbine)
Oslo area
EGE
Biogas plant
Haraldrud,
Sorting and incineration
Bekkelaget,
sewage treatment
VEAS, sewage treatment
Oslo Biogas plant
•
Contract value 43 m€
•
Capacity: 50 000 t/a food waste
•
Biogas to vehicle fuel gas (supports 135 buses)
•
Opened january 2013
•
Household waste, supermarket waste, ABP (slaughter, fishfarm ..)
Source; Cambi AS
Oslo Biogas plant
Oslo Biogas Official view
Biogas plant, concept
Source; Cambi AS
Biogas plant, challenges
Source; Cambi AS
Simplified mass balance
Source; Cambi AS
Biofertilizer
Source; Cambi AS
Cambi promotion video