BIO 1406 EXAM 2. Summer 2005
1. All cells possess all the following components, except:
a. cytoplasm
b. genetic material
c. nuclear membrane
d. plasma cell membrane
e. ribosomes
2. Proteins which act as catalysts of chemical reactions [in cells] are called:
a. enzymes.
b. coenzymes.
c. reaction cofactors.
d. substrates.
e. reactants
3.Chlorophyll and carotenoids are found at the
a. reaction center of photosystems
b. matrix of the mitochondria
c. center of the thylakoid
d. center of the Electron Transport Chain
e. none of the above.
4. A chemical reaction that absorbs or requires energy is known as a(an) __________
reaction.
a. exergonic.
b. coupled.
c. anabolic.
d. endergonic.
e. unfavored
5. A final product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an early enzyme in the pathway. This is
likely to be an example of:
a. competitive inhibition.
b. feedback inhibition.
c. cooperativity.
d. energy coupling.
e. a second messenger.
NAME ______________________
6. Enzyme catalyzed reactions move forward more readily than uncatalyzed reactions
because:
a. their temperature increases.
b. the DG has been decreased.
c. entropy has been increased.
d. the required activation energy has been decreased.
e. entropy has been decreased.
7. The second law of thermodynamics states that for chemical reactions:
a. entropy always increases.
b. entropy always decreases.
c. free energy always increases.
d. free energy always decreases.
e. anabolic reactions must always be paired with catabolic reactions.
8. Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of
a. DNA.
b RNA.
c proteins.
d nucleoli.
e glucose
9. The electron transport chain utilized to make ATP during photosynthesis by plants is
located in the:
a. stroma.
b. thylakoid membrane.
c. inner chloroplast membrane.
d. outer chloroplast membrane.
e. plasma membrane.
10. Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a. Prokaryotes have RNA, eukaryotes have DNA.
b. Prokaryotes have DNA, eukaryotes have RNA.
c. Prokaryotes have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleoid.
d. Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, eukaryotes have a nucleus.
e. Prokaryotes have a cell wall, eukaryotes do not.
11. What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. cytoskeleton
e. ribosomes
12. Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?
a. energy cannot be created nor destroyed
b. kinetic energy is stored energy
c. energy cannot be transferred or transformed
d. exergonic reactions are coupled with endergonic reactions
e. potential energy equals kinetic energy in a reaction
13. In the process of ______________ reactions, energy usually gets released.
a. endergonic
b. hypergonic
c. exoteric
d. exergonic
e. endotermic
14. The replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II come from
a. photosystem I
b. water
c. glucose
d. oxygen
e. NADPH
15. Energy stored in ATP is located exactly:
a. in the bonds between phosphate groups
b. inside the phosphate group
c. in the free electron
d. attached to the nucleotide
e. between the sugar and the phosphate
16. Light dependent reactions produce:
a. ATP, NADPH and Oxygen
b. ATP, NADPH and Carbon Dioxide
c. Glucose, ATP, Oxygen
d. Glucose, ATP, Carbon Dioxide
e. ATP, NADPH, Water
17. NAD+ and NADP+ are examples of:
a. electron carriers.
b. oxidizing compounds.
c. photosynthetic pigments.
d. sugar-storage molecules.
e. competitive inhibitors.
18. Through the development of ways to reduce photorespiration, C4 plants have adapted
to:
a. low carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
b. arid climates.
c. ATP production at low proton gradients.
d. fix carbon as a 3 carbon acid.
e. carry out the light reaction in the dark.
19. In normal C3 plants (no CAM), photorespiration occurs:
a. at night.
b. during hot dry days.
c. during cold rainy days.
d. Answers (b) and (c) are both true.
e. There is little or no photorespiration in C3 plants
20. Active site is the term used to describe the location where:
a. chemiosmosis occurs.
b. the dark reactions of photosynthesis occur.
c. water is split during photosynthesis.
d. chromosomes migrate along the microtubules during mitosis.
e. substrates bind to enzymes and catalysis occurs.
21. The 5 carbon sugar that captures (fixes) carbon dioxide in C3 plants as the first step in
the Calvin cycle is:
a. PEP carboxylase.
b. glucose kinase.
c. pyruvate synthetase
d. CAM synthetase
e. RuBP
22. Where does the O2 released during photosynthesis come from?
a. CO2
b. H2O
c. ATP
d. C6H12O6
e. RuBP
23. The primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is
a. to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
b. to produce energy-rich ATP and NADPH.
c. to produce NADPH used in respiration.
d. to convert light energy to the chemical energy of lipids.
e. to use the ATP to make glucose.
24. The energy of the movement of electrons down a concentration gradient via electron
transport within the thylakoid membrane generates
a. H2O.
b. CO2.
c. glucose.
d. O2.
e. ATP.
25. All of the following are part of the Calvin (C3) cycle EXCEPT
a. carbon fixation.
b.
c.
d.
e.
synthesis of G3P.
generation of ATP.
regeneration of RuBP.
All of the above are part of the cycle.
26. The vast majority of chloroplasts found in a leaf are located where?
a. vascular bundles
b. cuticle
c. epidermis
d. stroma
e. mesophyll
27.The products of photosynthesis are
a. glucose and water.
b. carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
c. glucose and carbon dioxide.
d. carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, and oxygen.
e. glucose and oxygen.
28. The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occurs in the:
a. thylakoids.
b. grana.
c. cytoplasm.
d. chloroplast stroma.
e. mitochondrial matrix.
29. The eukaryotic organelle found in mammalian cells which produces most of the energy
for life is the:
a.
chloroplast.
b.
lysosome.
c.
centriole.
d.
nucleolus.
e.
mitochondrion
30. Which of the following organelles contains DNA?
a. chloroplasts
b. mitochondria
c. nucleus
d. nucleolus
e. All of the above organelles contain DNA.
31. After final modifications, secretory vesicles bud from the:
a. nucleus.
b. lysosomes.
c. golgi apparatus
d. rough ER.
e. plasma membrane.
32. The organelle where ribosomal RNAs are made is the
a. nucleus.
b. lysosome.
c. golgi apparatus.
d. mitochondrion.
e. nucleolus.
33.The nucleoid is:
a. where chromosomes are found in eukaryotes.
b. where the DNA is found in prokaryotic cells.
c. where ribosomal RNAs are synthesized in eukaryotes.
d. an ancient endosymbiont.
e. one of the very earliest life forms.
34. Photosynthesis occurs here.
a. golgi apparatus
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. lysosomes
d. centrioles
e. chloroplasts
35.An organelle involved in detoxification caused by drugs is:
a. golgi apparatus
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. lysosomes
d. centrioles
e. chloroplasts
36. Where are many lipids synthesized by membrane-bound enzymes?
a. golgi apparatus
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. lysosomes
d. centrioles
e. chloroplasts
37. An example of organelles which are the result of an ancient endosymbiont “captured”
by an early eukaryotic cell are the:
a. liposomes.
b. centrioles.
c. ribosome
d. nucleoli.
e. mitochondria.
38. The plasma membrane is composed of [choose the best answer]:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
fats.
a peptidoglycan layer.
a phospholipid bilayer.
carbohydrates related to cellulose.
All of the above are correct answers.
39. The control center of the cell is the
a. dyctiosome
b. nucleus
c. chloroplast
d. vacuole
e. endoplasmic reticulum
40.The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is:
a. synthesis and secretion of proteins
b. aid the nucleus in cell division
c. synthesis , secretion and storage of cell membrane lipids
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
41.The organelles responsible for digestion of food particles are the:
a. chromoplasts
b. chloroplasts
c. leucoplasts
d. lysosomes
e. mithocondria
42. In plants, the organelles responsible for storage of starch, osmotic regulation, and
storage of some pigments are the: the:
a. dyctiosomes
b. vacuoles
c. leucoplasts
d. xantophylls
e. mithocondria
43. A molecule crosses the plasma membrane to enter the cell. After study of this
process it is found to be specific, to saturate and not to work against a concentration
gradient (does not concentrate). It most likely occurs by:
a. diffusion.
b. facilitated diffusion.
c. active transport.
d. pinocytosis.
e. receptor mediated endocytosis.
44. A solution outside a cell has a higher concentration of dissolved solutes (e.g. salt) that
the cell itself. This solution is best described as ________ in comparison to the cell?
a. hypertonic
b. basic
c. isotonic
d. acidic
e. hypotonic
45. Two types of connections between cells called "gap junctions" and "plasmodesmata"
are specialized to __________.
a. prevent the movement of molecules between cells that are tightly joined
along ribbons of cell membrane
b. tightly hold one cell against another at focal points, almost like a spot weld
of superglue
c. permit the passage of substances (e.g., ions) between cells through small
passageways that directly link the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of
another cell
d. None of these are correct.
II. Labeling. Use the names at the bottom of the page to fill in the blanks in the following
illustration of a membrane.
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3._____________________
4. _____________
5. ______________
7. ____________________
6. __________________
Adenosine Triphosphate
Phospholipid bilayer
Recognition protein
Extracellular fluid
Cholesterol
Transport Protein
Binding site
Mitochondria
Golgi complex
Carbohydrate
Microfilaments (protein filaments)
Cytoplasm