Process reflection
 1 of 3
5 page papers
 Reflections on communicating the
commons
 Write all you want but only hand in;
 Not less than 10 separate entries [concise]
 Not more than 5 pages
GOVERNING THE COMMONS
THREE INFLUENTIAL MODELS
Tragedy of the commons
The prisoner’s dilemma game
[formal game theory for Hardin’s tragedy]
The Logic of Collective Action
TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
There in is the tragedy. Each man is locked into a system that compels him to increase
his herd without limi t Πin a world that is limi ted. Ruin is the destination toward which all
men rush, each pursuing his own best interest in a society that believes in the freedom of
the commons.Σ [Hardin, 1968 p.1,244]
WHAT ONE WORD betrays an
ignorance of the commons
Prisoner’s dilemma
[formal game theory for HardinΥs tragedy]
Communication is forbidden, impossible or irrelevant = non-cooperative
Know the options and outcomes but not the action of the other =
complete knowledge
s long as individuals are viewed as prisoners, policy prescriptions will
address this metaphorΣ [Ostrom p.7]
Logic of collective action
Unless the number of individuals is quite small, or unless there is a coercion or some
other special devise to make individuals act in their common interest, rational, selfinterested individuals will not act to achieve their common or group interests.Σ
[Olson1965,p.2]
The free-rider problem.
Policy prescriptions
If ruin is to be avoided in a crowded world, people must be responsive to a coercive
force outside their individual psyches, a ΤLeviathanΥto use Hobbes termΣ (Hardin)
State control or privatization
the only way to avoid the tragedy of the comm ons in natural resources and
wil dlif e is to end the comm on property system by creating a system of private property
rights.Σ (Robert J. Smi th)
THE ONLY WAY?
uld rather addressΙ the capabilities of
those involved to change
the constraining rules of the game
to lead to outcomes other than remorseless tragedies.Σ
Ostrom
The only way(s)
…a theoretical alternative to
centralization or privatization as
ways to solve CPR problems. Let
us now briefly consider a solution
devised by participants in a field
setting - Alanya, Turkey.
For next week: Ch
o ose a chapter
summary ppt 5min
of Ca pitalism
PART 1: THE PROBLEM
Chapter 1 Time to Upgrade 3
Chapter 2 A Short His tory of Capitalism 15
Chapter 3 The Limits of Government 33
Chapter 4 The Limits of Privatization 49
PART 2 : A SOLUTION
Chapter 5 Reinventing the Commons 65
Chapter 6 Trusteeship of Creation 79
Chapter 7 Universal Bir thrights 101
Chapter 8 Sharing Culture 117
PART 3 : MAKING IT HAPPEN
Chapter 9 Building t he Commons Sector 135
Chapter 10 What You Can Do 155
3.0. Prepare a