IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO:
1) ANSWER THE DQ IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.
2) YOU ARE TO FILL OUT THE NOTES PAGE USING THE NOTES
PROVIDED (I GET MY COPY BACK).
2
2
Daily Quote &Question (DQ )
"The world must be made safe for
democracy."
-Woodrow Wilson
SONG FOR THE DAY: OVER THERE!
What did the 16th and 17th amendments do?
AP MONEY & FORMS DUE Feb 10-$87. Get a paper from the front for
instructions.
Daily Comment & Card
1915
LUSITANIA
AND
NEUTRALITY
-At the beginning of World War I,
Germany began using submarines
and started a blockade of the Allies
-The British passenger liner The
Lusitania was attacked by German
submarines (it was unarmed but
carrying munitions for the Allies)
-Wilson protested but remained
neutral
-The Germans pledged to stop
after the sinking of the Sussex
SONG FOR THE DAY: OVER THERE
"The world
must be
made safe
for
democracy."
-Woodrow
Wilson
Daily Comment & Card
1917
ZIMMERMAN
TELEGRAM
-Telegram from German Foreign Secretary
Zimmerman to German minister in
Mexico
-It was intercepted by the British
-It proposed that Mexico attack the U.S.
if America entered the War (WWI)
-It promised Mexico the return of territories
lost –Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
-When made public, it ensured American
support for the war against Germany
SONG FOR THE DAY: OVER THERE
"The world
must be
made safe
for
democracy."
-Woodrow
Wilson
Daily Comment & Card
1915
1917
LUSITANIA
AND
NEUTRALITY
-At the beginning of World War I,
Germany began using submarines
and started a blockade of the Allies
-The British passenger liner The
Lusitania was attacked by German
submarines (it was unarmed but
carrying munitions for the Allies)
-Wilson protested but remained
neutral
-The Germans pledged to stop
after the sinking of the Sussex
ZIMMERMAN
TELEGRAM
-Telegram from German Foreign Secretary
Zimmerman to German minister in
Mexico
-It was intercepted by the British
-It proposed that Mexico attack the U.S.
if America entered the War (WWI)
-It promised Mexico the return of territories
lost –Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
-When made public, it ensured American
support for the war against Germany
SONG FOR THE DAY: OVER THERE
"The world
must be
made safe
for
democracy."
-Woodrow
Wilson
CHANGES PEOPLE’S LIVES…
A. HOW WE GOT INVOLVED
B. NOT EVERYONE AGREED
C. FREEDOM OF SPEECH?
D. SOCIETY CHANGES
E. DON’T BE GERMAN!
F. TROOPS IN EUROPE
G. THE RED SCARE
-ALTHOUGH THE GREAT WAR BEGAN IN 1914, THE U.S. DID
NOT ENTER UNTIL 1917.
-DESCRIBED AS A “WAR TO END ALL WARS,” IT SET THE
STAGE FOR ANOTHER WAR.
1/31
THE WAR BEGAN IN EUROPE WITH THE
ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ
FERDINAND (HEIR TO THE THRONE OF
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY) IN SARAJEVO
(BOSNIA). IT QUICKLY SPREAD
THROUGHOUT EUROPE…
JUNE 28, 1914
2/31
ALLIES
AND ASSOCIATED
POWERS
SLAVS
SERBIA
BELGIUM
GERMANY
GREAT BRITAIN
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
FRANCE
BULGARIA
ITALY (1915)
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
(TURKEY)
JAPAN
NORTH AFRICA (MOST)
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
RUSSIA
U.S. (1917)
3/31
CENTRAL POWERS
CAUSES OF THE GREAT WAR
1. NATIONALISM (EXAGGERATED PATRIOTISM)
2. IMPERIALISM (COLONIZATION/ EMPIRE BUILDING)
3. MILITARISM (BUILD UP OF ARMIES/ WEAPONS)
4. ANARCHISM--ANARCHY (LACK OF INTERNATIONAL
CONTROL TO PREVENT ARMED CONFLICT)
5. ALLIANCISM-ALLIANCE SYSTEM (SECRET TREATIES LEAD
TO CHAIN REACTION)
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY RETALIATES…
COUNTRIES ENTER WAR BECAUSE OF
ALLANCES… RUSSIA AIDS SERBIA.
GERMANY DECLARES WAR ON RUSSIA.
FRANCE DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY.
GERMANY ATTACKS BELGIUM.
ENGLAND COMES TO AID BELGIUM.
AND SO ON…
4/31
WHAT GOT THE U.S. INTO THE GREAT WAR?
1. Money (LOANED ALLIES 2 Billion/ GERMANY 20mil)
2. Public Opinion (family heritage & British propaganda)*
3. Lusitania*
4. Russian Revolution (means they will not be our ally)*
5. Zimmerman Telegram*
5/31
SOME AMERICANS JOINED THE
WAR EFFORT BEFORE AMERICA
DID…
THEY JOINED
EUROPEAN UNITS
LIKE THE FRENCH
FOREIGN LEGION
(LAFAYETTE
ESCADRILLE) OR THE
BRITISH AIRFORCE.
6/31
ERNEST HEMINGWAY BECAME A
MEMBER OF AN AMBULANCE UNIT.
WHAT GOT THE U.S. INTO THE GREAT WAR?
1. Money (LOANED ALLIES 2 Billion/ GERMANY 20mil)
2. Public Opinion (family heritage & British propaganda)*
3. Lusitania*
4. Russian Revolution (means they will not be our ally)*
5. Zimmerman Telegram*
7/31
AMERICAN NEUTRALITY AT SEA WAS CHALLENGED BY
BOTH SIDES OF THE WAR!
1. BRITISH
-SET UP A BLOCKADE OF GERMANY
-SEARCHED FOR CONTRABAND
2. GERMANY
-UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE
WARFARE
-BLOCKADE ENGLAND
-NO SAFETY FOR NEUTRAL SHIPS
8/31
-NO TRADITIONAL RULES OF WAR!
9/31
WHEN MORE THAN 100 AMERICANS DIED
ON THE BRITISH PASSENGER SHIP THE
LUSITANIA ON MAY 7, 1915, THE U.S.
WAS OUTRAGED…
THE DEATH TOTAL REACHED ALMOST 1200
-SUNK BY U-BOAT
10/31
-SINKS IN 20 MINUTES
-EVIDENCE OF CONTRABAND
-ONE BOILER SHUT OFF (SLOWER)
-NO ESCORT SHIP
WHAT GOT THE U.S. INTO THE GREAT WAR?
1. Money (LOANED ALLIES 2 Billion/ GERMANY 20mil)
2. Public Opinion (family heritage & British propaganda)
3. Lusitania*
4. Russian Revolution (means they will not be our ally)*
5. Zimmerman Telegram*
11/31
MEANWHILE BACK IN RUSSIA…
CZAR NICHOLAS AND
HIS FAMILY WERE
EXECUTED…NEW
GOV’T, THEN
BOLSHEVIKS (FIRST
COMMUNISTS) TAKE
OVER…
RUSSIA WITHDREW FROM
THE WAR, AND THE U.S.
INVADED TO KEEP
GERMANY FROM GETTING
THEIR HANDS ON
WEAPONS!
12/31
WHAT GOT THE U.S. INTO THE GREAT WAR?
1. Money (LOANED ALLIES 2 Billion/ GERMANY 20mil)
2. Public Opinion (family heritage & British propaganda)
3. Lusitania*
4. Russian Revolution (means they will not be our ally)*
5. Zimmerman Telegram*
13/31
THEN WE FOUND OUT ABOUT
THE ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM…
SECRET OFFER TO MEXICO BY
GERMANY (INTERCEPTED BY
BRITISH) PROMISING TO
RETURN ALL LAND LOST
TO U.S. IF THEY HELP!
(TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA…)
14/31
WILSON ASKED FOR A DECLARATION OF WAR
APRIL 2, 1917 (AFTER HE GOT RE-ELECTED WITH
THE SLOGAN “HE KEPT US OUT OF WAR”)…
SUBMARINE WARFARE IS “WARFARE
AGAINST MANKIND”… THE “WORLD
MUST BE MADE SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY.”
A few dissenting votes:
Jeanette Rankin
Robert LaFollette
15/31
SECRETARY OF STATE WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN RESIGNED
SPEAKING OUT AGAINST THE WAR WAS ILLEGAL:
ESPIONAGE ACT 1917
SEDITION ACT 1918
(NO INCITING REBELLION-20 YRS)
(NO “DISLOYAL” OR ABUSIVE SPEECH)
2,000 SEE PRISON TIME, INCLUDING
EUGENE V. DEBS WHO GOT 10 YEARS…
SCHENCK V. U.S.
SUPREME COURT SAID THIS
TYPE OF BEHAVIOR CONSTITUTED A
“CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER”
DURING WAR.
War information was released through
George Creel’s “Committee on Public Information”.
16/31
CHANGES AT HOME:
1. 1917-SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT
(THE NATIONAL DEFENCE ACT STARTED ROTC)
AGES 21 TO 30 WERE FORCED TO REGISTER. 24.2 MILLION
REGISTERED, 2.8 MILLION WERE INDUCTED
2. JOB OPENINGS FOR WOMEN, MINORITIES
(LEADS TO 19TH AMENDMENT)
3. MIGRATION
FROM MEXICO TO SOUTHERN U.S.
AFRICAN-AMERICANS TO NORTH
(400,000 AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN WAR)
17/31
THERE WAS AN ANTI-GERMAN HYSTERIA:
NO SPEAKING GERMAN
RENAME ALL GERMAN THINGS
SAUER KRAUT (LIBERTY CABBAGE)
GERMAN MEASLES (LIBERTY MEASLES)
PEOPLE EVEN CHANGED THEIR NAMES
NO LISTENING TO GERMAN MUSIC
(INCLUDING CLASSICAL COMPOSERS)
18/31
AMERICAN TROOPS IN EUROPE WERE KNOWN AS
THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE (AEF)
AND FOUGHT UNDER GENERAL PERSHING…
49,000 DIED FROM WOUNDS THE REST OF
THE 112,432 DIED FROM DISEASE OR A FLU
EPIDEMIC THAT RAVAGED THE TROOPS…
19/31
1st TIME--WOMEN COULD BE IN FIELDS OTHER
THAN NURSING. THOUSANDS WORKED AS
CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. 10,000
SERVED IN THE NAVY AS “YOEMANETTES” AND
300 AS “MARINETTES.”
20/31
NEW TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS
POISONOUS GASES (MUSTARD
GAS), FIGHTER PLANES, MACHINE
GUNS, GRENADES, AND TANKS
MADE THIS WAR ONE OF THE
BLOODIEST AND MOST
DESTRUCTIVE EVER SEEN…
21/31
AS THE WAR BEGAN, UNARMED PLANES
WERE USED FOR SPYING. SOON, EACH
SIDE ATTATCHED MACHINE GUNS IN
FRONT OF THE PILOT. A DUTCH
ENGINEER FIGURED OUT HOW TO STOP
THE FIRING WHEN THE PROPELLOR MOVED
IN FRONT OF THE GUN.
-TRAVELED 70 TO 130 MILES PER HOUR
-EXPOSED COCKPITS (SOME DRANK
WHISKEY TO KEEP WARM)
-PILOTS SAT ON TOP OF THE GASOLINE
TANK.
-MOST 19-25 AND ONLY LIVED ABOUT 3
WEEKS.
22/31
…we’ve lost a lot of good men. It’s only a question of time until we all get it.
I’m all shot to pieces. I only hope I can stick it. I don’t want to quit. My
nerves are all gone and I can’t stop. I’ve lived beyond my time already…Here
I am, twenty-four years old, I look forty and feel ninety. I’ve lost all
interest in life beyond the next patrol. No Hun will ever get me and I’ll never
fall into a trap, but sooner or later I’ll be forced to fight against odds that
are too long or perhaps a stray shot from the ground will be lucky and I will
have gone in vain. Or my motor will cut out when we are trench strafing or a
wing will pull off in a dive…It gives me a dizzy feeling every time I hear of the
men that are gone. And they have gone so fast I can’t keep track of them;
every time two pilots meet it is only to swap news of who’s killed. When a
person takes sick, lingers in bed a few days, dies and is buried on the third
day, it all seems regular and they pass on into the great beyond in an orderly
manner and you accept their departure as an accomplished fact. But when you
lunch with a man, talk to him, see him go out and get in his plane in the prime
of his youth and the next day someone tells you that he is dead—it just
doesn’t sink in and you can’t believe it. And the oftener it happens the harder
it is to believe. I’ve lost over a hundred friends, so they tell me… but to me
they aren’t dead yet. They are just around the corner, I think, and I’m still
expecting to run into them any time. I dream about them at night when I do
sleep a little.
23/31
John McGavock Grider
MUCH OF THE WAR WAS FOUGHT IN TRENCHES—
LONG NARROW DITCHES DUG BY SOLDIERS TO
HIDE IN…
THEY ZIGZAGGED ALL OVER THE WESTERN
FRONT, A 450 MILE LONG BATTLE LINE DIVIDING
THE TWO SIDES.
24/31
The last major offensive of the war, the MeuseArgonne began in September and ended in
November 1918. The heaviest fighting occurred
in the Argonne Forrest where 10% (120,000) of
all U.S. troops died due to tough terrain, heavy
machine gun fire, and inadequate training.
25/31
THE BIG FOUR
GEORGES CLEMENCEAU (FRANCE)
DAVID LLOYD GEORGE (BRITAIN)
VITTORIO ORLANDO (ITALY)
WOODROW WILSON (U.S.)
26/31
Alvin York was the most decorated American
soldier in WWI. He was awarded the Medal of
Honor for leading an attack on a German machine
gun nest, taking 32 machine guns, killing 28
German soldiers and capturing 132 others. This
action occurred during the Muse-Argonne
Offensive in France. He began the war as a
conscientious objector.
“I teched off the sixth man first; then the fifth; then the fourth; then the third; and
so on. That's the way we shoot wild turkeys at home. You see we don't want the front
ones to know that we're getting the back ones, and then they keep on coming until we
get them all. I knowed, too, that if the front ones wavered, or if I stopped them the
rear ones would drop down and pump a volley into me and get me.”
WILSON’S 14 POINTS WERE PART OF HIS
PLAN FOR “PEACE WITHOUT VICTORY”…
INCLUDING…
-FREEDOM OF THE SEAS
-ABOLISH SECRET TREATIES
-REDUCTION OF ARMS
-REMOVAL OF ECONOMIC
BARRIERS
-LEAGUE OF NATIONS
27/31
RESULTS OF THE GREAT WAR
(UNDER THE VERSAILLES TREATY)
1. GERMANY GIVES UP TERRITORY (Alsace-Lorraine to FR;
Colonies go to Allies)
2. THE SIZE OF THE GERMAN ARMY REDUCED. NO
SUBMARINES, NO PLANES
3. GERMANY HAD TO PAY REPAIRATIONS OF $33 MILLION
(Originally scheduled for 56.5 billion)
4. LEAGUE OF NATIONS FORMED
5. COMMUNIST (RED) scare in America
Germany said couldn’t do everything required,
but forced to sign…
28/31
HISTORIANS BELIEVE THAT THE LOSS OF PRIDE AND
ECONOMIC HARDSHIPS LED TO THE RISE OF HITLER…
THE U.S.
NEVER
JOINED THE
LEAGUE OF
NATIONS
BECAUSE
WILSON HAD
A STROKE
AND HENRY
CABOT LODGE
LED THE
OPPOSITION.
29/31
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
ESTABLISHED IN 1920 TO SOLVE ANY PROBLEMS AFTER THE WAR…
WHY DID IT FAIL?
1) INCLUDED ALL MAJOR NATIONS BUT THE U.S.
2) REQUIRED UNANIMOUS AGREEMENT
3) NO POWER TO TAX, NO MONEY
4) NO MILITARY TO ENFORCE DECISIONS
5) NO POWER COULDN’T STOP JAPAN FROM INVADING
MANCHURIA, ITALY FROM INVADING ETHIOPIA, OR
WAR BETWEEN BOLIVIA & PARAGUAY.
30/31
AS THE WAR CAME TO AN END, OUR ANTIGERMAN HYSTERIA TURNED TO ANTICOMMUNIST HYSTERIA. AMERICA WENT
THROUGH…
AND THE PALMER RAIDS
ATTORNEY GENERAL A. MITCHELL PALMER
APPOINTED J. EDGAR HOOVER TO OVERSEE
INVESTIGATIONS.
NOV 1919 TO JAN 1920—6,000 ARRESTS
(MOSTLY FOREIGN BORN, 500 DEPORTED)
31/31
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbggEGUaE28