Vocabulary, Pgs. 614-624
Topic/Key Terms
The Road to War
 Competing Alliances (Pg. 614)
Significance

Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Pg. 614)
Was heir to throne of Austro-Hungarian
empire, assassinated by a Serbian
nationalist while visiting capital of Bosnia,
led to Austria-Hungary to declare war and
invade Serbia, then other nations joined
and propelled Europe into WWI.

Wilson’s Cultural Views (Pg. 614)
Like many Americans, admired England
(traditions, culture, political system, etc.)
and thought of Allies as such, but refused
to think the same about Central Powers (so
more Americans were hostile to Germany
and wouldn’t dare think of helping them).

Lusitania (Pg. 615)
British passenger liner sunk by a German
submarine and killing 1,198 people (128
Americans), later found to be carrying
munitions, but nonetheless, incident stirred
anti-German sentiment from Americans.

Zimmerman Telegram (Pg. 616)
A telegram intercepted by British, sent
from German foreign minister to
government of Mexico, proposed alliance
of Mexico with Germany if U.S. joined
War, if victorious Mexico would receive
some former lands from America. Angered
many Americans, and gave government
enough reason to enter the war (after
revolution in Russia).
Rivalry between “Triple Entente” (Britain,
France, Russia) and “Triple Alliance”
(Germany, Austro-Hungary, Italy), mostly
between European powers than actual
alliances.
“War Without Stint”
 Selective Service Act (Pg. 617)
Passed in 1917 to raise size of American
military for war, draft brought nearly 3
million men into army.

American Expeditionary Force (Pg.
617)
AEF, included the 3 million men brought
in by the Selective Service Act and another
2 million that joined various branches of
armed services voluntarily.

General John Pershing (Pg. 618)
Recently led unsuccessful American
pursuit of Pancho Villa, commanded
American Expeditionary Force to join
existing Allied forces fighting in WWI.

Chateau-Thierry (Pg. 619)
In early June 1918, American forces placed
there helped French repel bitter German
offensive, would have brought German
forces with fifty miles of Paris (and thus,
France would have fallen).

Meuse-Argonne Offensive (Pg. 619)
On September 26, American fighting force
advanced against Germans in Argonne
Forest in southern part of 200-mile attack
that lasted nearly seven weeks, by end of
October, had helped push Germans back
toward their own border and had cut
enemy’s major supply lines to front.
The War and American Society
 Council of National Defense and
Civilian Advisory Commission (Pg.
621)

War Industries Board (Pg. 621)
Established by President Wilson in 1916,
composed of members of his cabinet,
helped mobilize for war and set up local
defense councils in every state and locality.
Agency created in July 1917 to coordinate
government purchases of military supplies,
casually organized at first but stumbled
badly until March 1918, when placed under
control of Bernard Baruch (Wall Street
financier).

National War Labor Board (Pg. 622)
Established in April 1918 to resolve labor
disputes, pressured industry to grant
important concessions to workers (8-hour
day, maintenance of minimal living
standards, equal pay for women doing
equal work, recognition of right of unions
to organize and bargain collectively) in
return for them forgoing all strikes and
employers not engaging in lockouts.

Ludlow Massacre (Pg. 623)
A battle between strikers and militia (along
with strikebreakers and others) in Ludlow,
Colorado in 1914 that resulted in the deaths
of 39 people, including 9 children.

“Great Migration” (Pg. 623)
A great migration of southern African
Americans into northern industrial cities, as
a result of poverty, indebtedness, racism,
and violence in the South and open jobs in
the North because of the war.

Margaret Dreier Robins (Pg. 623)
An official of Women’s Trade Union
League, hoped that war would bring lasting
change to American society.

Women’s Bureau (Pg. 623)
Came from the Women in Industry Board
during the war, would be permanent
agency dedicated to protecting interests of
women in work force.
Comments/Connections/Questions:
 Pg. 614, Alliances and WWI
It’s very interesting that these two alliances of European powers are similar to the two
opposing powers during WWII (Allies and Axis), with Britain, France, and Russia
remaining with the Allies and Germany, Italy, and now Japan in the Axis. Perhaps these
similar struggling groups just go to show that history does often repeat itself?
 Pg. 616, Zimmerman Telegram Proposal
If the Zimmerman Telegram was sent to Mexico by Germany in case of American
intervention in the war (which, ironically, ended up happening because of the interception
of the message by the Allies) and so America did end up joining, then shouldn’t Mexico
have joined also and fought with the Germans to get their lands back from America if they
won? Or maybe the telegram ended up being just a proposal, and didn’t persuade Mexico
enough to join in…