Daily Comment & Card
1947
TRUMAN
DOCTRINE
-Proposal that the U.S. must bolster
the deeds of free people resisting
Communism
-$400 million appropriated for aid to
Greece and Turkey to fight
Communism’s spread
-Supported “containment” as a response
to the Cold War
SONG FOR THE DAY: COLD AS ICE
“From
Stettin in
the Baltic to
Trieste in
the Adriatic
an iron
curtain has
descended
across the
Continent.”
-Winston
Churchill
Daily Comment & Card
1950-1953
KOREAN WAR
-Korean (taken from Japan at end of
WWII) was divided at the 38th parallel
between the Soviet Union and the U.S.
-North Korea invaded South Korea and the
UN sent in troops
-General MacArthur led the forces and
pushed the North Koreans back so far
the Chinese began to send in troops.
-Mac Arthur was removed from command
-Cease-fire called in July 1952
SONG FOR THE DAY: ICE ICE BABY
“From
Stettin in
the Baltic to
Trieste in
the Adriatic
an iron
curtain has
descended
across the
Continent.”
-Winston
Churchill
Daily Comment & Card
1947
1950-1953
TRUMAN
DOCTRINE
-Proposal that the U.S. must bolster
the deeds of free people resisting
Communism
-$400 million appropriated for aid to
Greece and Turkey to fight
Communism’s spread
-Supported “containment” as a response
to the Cold War
KOREAN WAR
-Korea (taken from Japan at end of
WWII) was divided at the 38th parallel
between the Soviet Union and the U.S.
-North Korea invaded South Korea and the
UN sent in troops
-General MacArthur led the forces and
pushed the North Koreans back so far
the Chinese began to send in troops.
-Mac Arthur was removed from command
-Cease-fire called in July 1952
SONG FOR THE DAY: COLD AS ICE
“From
Stettin in
the Baltic to
Trieste in
the Adriatic
an iron
curtain has
descended
across the
Continent.”
-Winston
Churchill
IX. THE COLD WAR
A. ORIGINS OF THE KOREAN WAR
B. THE COLD WAR HEATS UP
C. THE KOREAN WAR
D. PANIC AT HOME
E. THE SYMBOL OF THE COLD WAR
A. ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
1. EUROPE DIVIDED
TENSION AFTER WW2 BETWEEN U.S. AND
SOVIET UNION BECAME KNOWN AS THE
COLD WAR.
WINSTON CHURCHILL FIRST
USED THIS TERM IN 1946.
IRON CURTAIN
2
WE BOTH SAW THE WORLD IN BLACK OR
WHITE—NO GRAY. WE USED THE TWO CAMP
THEORY.
SOVIETS-EASTERN EUROPE
U.S.-WESTERN EUROPE
SOVIETS CONCERNED WITH SECURITY, WE SEE
IT AS WORLD DOMINATION.
3
2. THE ATOMIC PROBLEM
THIS WAS THE MOST CRUCIAL QUESTION
AFTER THE WAR.
THEN IN 1949 EVERYTHING
CHANGED!!
THE SOVIETS TESTED THEIR OWN
ATOMIC BOMB.
“joe one”
WE BOTH HAD OUR OWN
SELF INTEREST IN MIND.
4
3. CONTAINMENT
-KEEP COMMUNISM FROM
SPREADING.
-WE USED IT FIRST WITH
GREECE AND TURKEY.
-TRUMAN & “SCARE HELL
OUT OF AMERICAN PEOPLE”
-OUR FIRST PRIORITY
5
B. THE COLD WAR HEATS UP
1. THE MARSHALL PLAN
-NAMED AFTER SECRETARY OF STATE
GEORGE MARSHALL,
-OFFERED FINANCIAL AID TO EUROPE
NO
COMMIES
COST= $13 BILLION TO REVITALIZE WESTERN
EUROPE & STIMULATE OUR ECONOMY.
6
2. NATO (1949)
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
*NATO WAS HOW WE GOT
INVOLVED IN VIETNAM
3. THE FALL OF CHINA
CHIANG KAI SHEK VS. MAO ZEDONG
chiang
mao
WE DID NOT
RECONGNIZE THE
NEW CHINESE
GOVERNEMENT UNTIL
NIXON WAS IN
7
OFFICE IN 1971.
4. BERLIN BLOCKADE & AIRLIFT
THE SOVIET RESPONSE TO NATO
WAS TO CUT OFF ACCESS TO BERLIN
FROM JUNE 1948 TO MAY 1949.
THE U.S. RESPONDED TO THE BLOCKADE BY AIRLIFTING
SUPPLIES TO BERLIN. FOR 321 DAYS WE FLEW ALL NEEDED
SUPPLIES INTO BERLIN.
8
5. ON THE HOMEFRONT
CONGRESS ON COMMIE HUNT WITH
HOUSE UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
COMMITTEE (HUAC)
HOLLYWOOD STUDIOS BLACKLISTED THOSE WHO
SPOKE OUT.
9
SPIES?!
-ALGER HISS (STATE DEPT)
-JULIUS & ETHEL ROSENBERG.
HISS WAS FOUND
GUILTY OF
PERJURY AND THE
ROSENBERGS
WERE EXECUTED.
In 1997 The National Security Agency released the
VENONA PAPERS—they showed decoded messages sent by
the Soviet Intelligence in the 1940s and named Americans
who had spied for the Soviet Union. Included in the list was
Julius Rosenberg.
SOVIET TEST ATOMIC BOMB
FORMATION OF NATO
FALL OF CHINA
BERLIN BLOCKADE
11
A. THE KOREAN WAR
THE COLD WAR TURNED “HOT” HERE FROM 1950-1953,
AFTER WORLD WAR II KOREA HAD BEEN
DIVIDED AT THE 38TH Parallel. AMERICA
OCCUPIED THE SOUTH WHILE THE SOVIET
ARMY OCCUPIED THE NORTH.
IN JUNE 1950, NORTH KOREA CROSSED THE LINE
AND ENTERED SOUTH KOREA.
13
A U.N. FORCE HEADED BY GENERAL DOUGLAS
MACARTHUR PUSHED THE NORTH KOREANS
TOO CLOSE TO CHINA AND SOON CHINESE
FORCES BECAME INVOLVED.
OUR TROOPS WERE
PUSHED BACK. TRUMAN
ENDED UP FIRING
MACARTHUR.
STILL, THE COMMUNISTS
WERE PUSHED BACK
BEHIND THE 38TH
PARALLEL; THEY WERE
“CONTAINED.”
14
THE KOREAN WAR INCREASED DEFENSE
SPENDING-- BY 1960 WE HAD A STRONG
MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
EMPLOYING MILLIONS.
THE FIGHTING RESULTED IN A
RETURN TO PREWAR BORDERS.
SOME PEOPLE SAW THIS AS A
FAILURE.
15
IKE ENDS WAR…
EISENHOWER WAS ELECTED IN
1952 WITH A PROMISE TO GO TO
KOREA AND END THE WAR.
-HERO OF WORLD WAR II/ SEEN AS CREDIBLE
--HIS POLICY IS “MASSIVE RETALIATION”
-THE THREAT OF THE BOMB IS THERE…
-STALIN DIES…
16
KOREA
-FIRST LIMITED WAR OF NUCLEAR AGE
-FIRST ATTEMPT TO ENFORCE POLICY OF CONTAINMENT
-TRUMAN INTEGRATES THE ARMED FORCES(exec order 9981)
17
M*A*S*H WAS ABOUT KOREA
(NOT VIETNAM)!!!
18
B. THE COLD WAR CONTINUES
1. MCCARTHYISM
CONTINUED FEAR OF
COMMUNIST EXPANSION LED
MANY PEOPLE TO BELIEVE
CLAIMS BY SENATOR JOSEPH
MCCARTHY THAT
COMMUNISTS HAD
INFILTRATED THE
GOVERNMENT.
MCCARTHY MADE LOTS OF ACCUSATIONS,
BUT NEVER ANY PROOF…
19
HE WENT TOO FAR
WHEN HE ACCUSED
THE ARMY AT HEARING
THAT WERE TELEVISED
AND WATCHED BY
MILLIONS OF
AMERICANS.
20
2. BRINKMANSHIP
EISENHOWER CONTINUED TRUMAN’S POLICY OF
CONTAINMENT AND LED THE U.S. IN AN ARMS
RACE FOR SUPERIOR WEAPONRY.
USING A POLICY KNOWN AS
BRINKMANSHIP, HE WENT TO THE
EDGE OF WAR TO PROTECT OUR
INTERESTS. THE U.S. TESTED THE
SOVIET UNION IN A STANDOFF TO
SEE WHO WOULD “BLINK” FIRST.
“MASSIVE RETALIATION”
21
3. SPUTNIK
WHEN THE SOVIET UNION LAUNCHED SPUTNIK, THE
FIRST ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE TO ORBIT THE EARTH, THE
U.S. REALIZED THE EXTENT OF SOVIET TECHNOLOGY.
ONCE AGAIN, AMERICANS FREAKED OUT…
WE BEGAN MASSIVE
EDUCATIONAL PUSHES IN MATH
AND SCIENCE.
22
4. U-2 INCIDENT
OUR ATTEMPTS TO SPY ON
THE SOVIETS LED TO WHAT
BECAME KNOWN AS THE U-2
INCIDENT.
OUR SPY PLANE WAS SHOT
DOWN OVER SOVIET
TERRITORY. WE COULD NOT
DENY IT—THEY HAD OUR
PILOT (FRANCIS GARY
POWERS) AS PRISONER.
23
BAY OF PIGS INVASION HAD
BEEN IN 1961
SPONSORED BY CIA
KENNEDY SENDS NO HELP
6-7
5. CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS
IN 1959, A COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT
WAS ESTABLISHED IN CUBA.
WE FEARED COMMUNISM WOULD
SPREAD THROUGHOUT LATIN AMERICA.
WHEN WE DISCOVERED SOVIETS
SECRETLY BUILDING BASES FOR
NUCLEAR MISSILES IN CUBA (AIMED AT
THE U.S.) WE FREAKED OUT.
24
PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY IMPOSED A NAVAL
BLOCKADE AROUND CUBA. AFTER SEVERAL TENSE
DAYS AND WIDE-SPREAD PANIC OVER IMPENDING
NUCLEAR WAR (OCT 1962), SOVIET LEADER NIKITA
KHRUSHCHEV WITHDREW THE MISSLES (WE
PROMISED NEVER TO INVADE CUBA & REMOVED
SOME MISSILES FROM GREECE AND TURKEY).
25
C. THE SYMBOL OF THE COLD WAR
BY THE END OF THE
FIFTIES, IT WAS
CLEAR THAT THE
PEACE WE WANTED
AFTER WORLD WAR II
WAS GONE.
THE MOST VISIBLE SYMBOL OF THE DIVISION BETWEEN THE U.S.
AND THE SOVIET UNION WOULD BE THE BERLIN WALL WHICH
WENT UP DURING THE SIXTIES AND DID NOT COME DOWN UNTIL
1989.
26