The Federalist Period
1788-1815
Washington, Adams,
Jefferson, Madison
Terms—see Constitution notes
1. Land Ordinance of 1785
2. Northwest Ordinance of
1787
3. Township
4. Vermont
5. “Demigods”
6. New Jersey Plan
7. Virginia Plan
8. The Great Compromise
9. Electoral College
10. The Three-Fifths
Compromise
11. Federalists
12. Anti-Federalists
13. The Great Debate
14. Four “Laggard” States
15. The Federalist Papers
16. Washington’s Chair
Land Issues
Land Ordinance of 1785
• Greatest accomplishment of
The Articles of Confederation
• Provided for orderly creation
of territorial governments
and new states (Ohio was first
from NW territory)
• Land sold would pay public
debt
• Supported public education
• Established townships (6 X 6)
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
• 60,000 inhabitants could
lead to statehood
• Excluded slavery north of
the Ohio River
• Gave new states same
status as the original
thirteen
• Public education required
religious indoctrination
Review Terms
• Republicanism—government is based upon the consent of
the people voiced through elected officials
• Separation of Powers—Hamilton wrote, “There is no liberty
if the power of judging be not separated from the
legislative and executive powers.”
• Checks and balances—the president has the power to veto
a bill passed by Congress but Congress has the power to
override the president’s veto
• Anti-Federalists—against a powerful president, heavy
taxes, standing army, weak state governments, and feared
for the rights of the individual
I. Rise of Political Parties—see Constitution notes
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
• Hamilton’s philosophy and
followers
• Jefferson’s philosophy and
followers
• How did Washington view
parties?
II. Washington—two terms
A. Judiciary Act of 1789—established court system—John
Jay named chief justice of The Supreme Court
B. Bill of Rights
C. Washington’s inauguration and precedents (John Adams
was vp)
D. Capital—NYC—Pierre L’Enfant hired to design Fed. City
(Banneker assisted)
E. First Cabinet…
First Cabinet
Secretary of State—Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury—Hamilton
Secretary of War—Henry Knox
Attorney General—Edmund Randolph
III. Hamilton’s Financial Program
A. Debts: $12 million owed to other nations,
$44 mill to Ams., $25 mill to states
B. Goal: establish credibility—Bonds issued;
Scrip issued (pay certificates)
C. State debts paid (Capital Compromise)
D. National Bank
Established with 20
year charter and
public stock—
opposition led by
Jefferson
E. Coinage System in
The U.S. Mint
F. Excise Tax issued—led
to Whiskey Rebellion
(put down by GW)
Whiskey Rebellion
G. Protective tariff proposed to help
American Industry--rejected
H. Effects of Hamilton’s policies included
stimulation of American business and
credibility
Tariffs
•A tariff is a tax placed on goods being
imported into a country from another
nation. Tariffs have existed for
hundreds of years, and most nations
still use them today. The U.S.
established its first tariff in 1789 in
order to raise money for the
government to operate. The tariff
system worked. In 1800, for example,
tariffs raised 83% of the government’s
total revenue.
•Tariffs have another purpose: they can
protect a nation’s own industries from too
much foreign competition. A tariff raises
the price of imported goods that might
ordinarily be cheaper. When that
happens, however, consumers end of up
paying the higher prices.
• http://www.businessinsider.com/americas-biggest-tariffs-2010-9?op=1
Effects of High and Low Tariffs
Types of Tariffs
High
Low
Government
Revenue
Effect on Nation’s
Own Industries
Effect on Nation’s
Own Consumers
High
High profits: sales
and production up,
competition from
foreign products
down
High prices: tariff
raises prices of
foreign goods,
consumers pay
more
Low
Low profits: sales
and production
down, competition
from foreign
products up
Low prices: foreign
goods cost less,
consumers pay less
•Which type of tariff would earn more
money for the government?
•Which type of tariff would create higher
prices for consumers?
•Which type of tariff would lower business
profits?
•Who would favor higher tariffs? Lower
tariffs?
• During the Federalist Era, the value of American
exports was never greater than the value of imports
in any single year. Based on this evidence, would
you expect later government officials to raise or
lower American tariffs? Why?
• Are current tariffs high or low?
IV. Foreign Policy
A. The French Revolution—rebellion of lower
classes led to mob rule and the murder of
many—American policy was neutrality
B. Expulsion of Genet
C. Haitian Slave Rebellion led by Toussaint
L’Ouverture prompted fears of U.S. slave revolts
D. Complications with Britain
•Indian uprisings in NW Territory encouraged
by British
•Battle of Fallen Timbers—last battle in Ohio
Valley between General Wayne and Western
Confederacy (Shawnee, Delaware, Miami)
•Impressment
E. Treaties
Jay’s Treaty—U.S. and GB—England would leave
the Ohio Valley; allowed Americans to trade in
West Indies; discussed impressment of American
sailors
Pinckney’s Treaty—U.S. and Spain—America was
allowed to use the Miss. River (right of deposit)
and store goods at New Orleans; Spain would
respect American borders and not aid Indian
uprisings
F. Washington’s Farewell Address
Very important—Warned
against:
parties, military alliances, and
foreign entanglements
GW: Honored by Revolutionaries Everywhere
• Died in 1799
• Provided manumission for his slaves in his will
• At his death, Washington was eulogized as "first in
war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his
countrymen" by Henry Lee.
Review Washington’s Administration
•See Docs A, B,C
•See textbook
Chapter 7—pages
214-223 and list
important terms
to know
John Adams —View Part 5
1. Describe Adams’ personality in three ways.
2. How did Abigail influence him?
3. How did Adams come into conflict with
Jefferson?
4. How did Adams view the Vice-Presidency?
5. Name five problems of the new nation
under Washington and Adams.
V. Election of John Adams—1796
(very ugly campaign against TJ who
became VP)
A.
XYZ Affair—France (under Talleyrand) made
demands about American loans and bribes
• “Millions for defense; not one cent for tribute!” (JA)
• France and U.S. fought an undeclared war on the
seas for three years
B. Alien and Sedition Acts
• Americans distrusted French immigrants
• Rights suspended regarding citizenship
• Deportation of many French
C. Opposition by TJ and Madison
• Wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions—
nullified the A and S Acts because they violated the
Bill of Rights
• nullify=to make null and void a federal law within a
state
• Could they do that?
• Can states defy federal law today?
Federal City
• Adams moved from Philadelphia to the swampy
construction area of the new capital
D. Split of Federalist Party
•“High”—Hamilton
•“Low”—Adams
•Adams was not re-elected
•Last minute appointments— “Midnight
Judges”
Review the Washington and Adams
Administrations—chapter 7, p. 214-231—list
important terms to know
Terms for Ch. 7--Jeffersonianism
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
mudslinging
Sally Hemmings
“Revolution of 1800”
“Responsibilty breeds
moderation”
Marbury v. Madison
“judge breaking”
Barbary Wars
Right of deposit
Louisiana Purchase
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Meriwether Lewis
William Clark
Sacajawea
“Great White Chief”
Aaron Burr
Embargo Act
James Madison
“War Hawks”
Tecumseh
Tippecanoe
VI. “Revolution of 1800”
(Election of T. Jefferson)
A. Deadlock in House of Representatives between
Jefferson and Burr  Burr became VP  12th
Amendment followed
B. The Common Touch—his inauguration, manner,
life at Monticello
C. Architect, linguist, botanist, philosopher, inventor,
musician, diplomat, … family man?
VII. Jefferson Administration
A. Supreme Court Case: Marbury v. Madison—
established judicial review—chief justice was John
Marshall
B. Louisiana Purchase, 1803—original plan,
negotiations with Napoleon, $15 million,
constitutional issue
C. Lewis and Clark Expedition (with Sacajawea)
Louisiana Purchase APUSH Details
• Jefferson sent men to France to buy New Orleans only for $10 million
• Napoleon was nervous about uprising of natives in Haiti and needed
money to fight war against England
• Jefferson’s philosophy as a strict constructionist did not allow him to buy
it—but he was pragmatic and did what was best for the country
• He envisioned an agrarian America—the heartland
• Greatest deal in history—over 800,000 square miles for $15 million (4
cents an acre)
• Final cost of New Orleans? About $7!
• The control of the Mississippi River was the most important
geographical advantage
• The Missouri River provided a significant travel route westward
• Note: explorers had long searched for an all-water route from the East
to the West coast of North America. The Lewis and Clark expedition
proved that there was no all-water route westward
• Spain could have challenged the purchase
More TJ…
D. VP Burr killed Hamilton in a duel
E. Barbary Wars against N. African Pirates
F. Embargo Act—no trade with warring countries
(England and France)—disaster
Duel
Jefferson Memorial
• Built in 1930s under FDR
• 19 foot statue added in 1940s
• Supposed to embody the ideas of The
Enlightenment
• Modeled on the Pantheon in Rome
VIII. Key Tenets of Jeffersonian Democracy
(APUSH)
A. “End of Federalist Decade”—Revolution of 1800
B. Yeoman farmer exemplifies virtue and independence from
the corrupting influences of cities, bankers, financiers,
and industrialists--Populism
C. The federal government must not violate the rights of the
states-- “states rights” exemplified by the Virginia and
Kentucky Resolutions
D. Freedom of speech and press are essential rights since
governments must be closely watched. The Alien and
Sedition Acts violated this principle
E. “Republican Virtues”
• Activities and powers of federal government should
be reduced
• “Responsibility breeds
moderation”
F. Women
• Cult of Domesticity refers to the idealization of women in their
roles as wives and mothers
• “Republican Motherhood”—women were responsible for
rearing their children to be good citizens, emphasizing family
and religious values, strong moral character and sound political
ideas
• Middle class Americans viewed the home as a refuge from the
world rather than a productive economic unit
• (Later the educator, Catharine Beecher, wrote about this)
Documents Activity—Pair Up (A/B)
A
• Read Alien and Sedition
Acts—p. 1
• Summarize with 3 points
• Explain the answer to #2
• Explain short term effects
• Explain #5
B
• Read Alien and Sedition Acts
• Explain the answer to #1
• Explain the answer to #3
• Explain long term effects
• Read Jefferson’s quote at
the bottom and explain it to
A
Read/Scan Jefferson’s Speech
A
•Would you vote for
TJ in 1800? Explain
why or why not.
B
•Would you vote for
TJ in 2016? Explain
why or why not.
Letters to their Children
A
B
• Read Adams letter
• Summarize with three main
points to B
• Choose one word to
describe Adams as a parent
• Would you want him as a
guest speaker in our class?
Explain your answer to B.
• Read Jefferson’s letter
• Summarize with three main
points to A
• Choose one word to
describe him as a parent
• Would you want him as a
guest speaker in our class?
Explain your answer to A.
A and B--Consensus
• Decide which man would make the better guest
speaker for our class and be ready to defend your
choice.
• A4—
• 5th—
Results for Guest Speaker
• A4 Block—
• 5th Block—
IX. Madison Administration
1809-1817*
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
War Hawks
Causes of War of 1812
Military Events
End
Results
*See handout
National Anthem
•Song: “To Anacreon in Heaven”
•Lyrics: “Star-Spangled Banner”
General Jackson – “Old Hickory”