Note Taking Guide
Topic # 3033
Genotype and Phenotype
Anna Blight
Genetic terminology
The creation of genetic material goes from __________ to _____________ to
_____________ .
_______________ code for ___________ , which code for _______________ .
Each pair of _______________ carries a pair of ___________ .
_____________ are genes that occupy different loci on each ____________ and affect
the same trait.
There are ______ alleles, one on each chromosome of a _____________ .
The alleles may correspond, which makes the animal ____________ , or contrast, which
makes the animal ___________ . Example: whether cattle are horned or polled is
controlled by one or the other locus for horns.
During gametogenesis, ________________ segregate and each new gamete gets one of
the ___________ .
A ___________ allele overpowers the expression of its __________ allele and is
represented by a _________ letter.
A recessive allele is represented by a _______ letter, and is masked by a __________
allele, unless the animal is _______ . In this case, the animal will have the appearance
expressed by the recessive trait.
Heterozygous animals (Aa) pass on _____ to one gamete and ______ to the other
gamete. Homozygous animals (AA or aa) pass on ______ and ______ to each gamete.
When male and female gametes combine to form a ________ chances are _________
that one or the other allele of each parent will be passed on.
Traits like coat color are determined by a ________________ or homozygosity of
____________ alleles.
Females carry two ________ chromosomes and males carry ________ chromosomes.
Males therefore determine the _______ of the offspring by passing on either the
________ .
____________ are opposite where females are _______ and ________________ of the
offspring.
Compared to humans, who have _____ pairs of chromosomes, most farm animals have
more, and only swine have less with _____ pairs of chromosomes.
____________ is the genetic make up of an animal.
____________ is the outward appearance of an animal, due to its genetic make up.
For any pair of alleles, _______ genotypes are possible, _____, ______, and _____.
In sheep, ________ wool is a recessive trait and both parents must carry the recessive
_______ , since the sheep must be ___________ to show the trait.
The _________square is a table used to calculate the genotype and phenotype of an
animal.
If you cross two heterozygous parents, Aa and Aa, where A=white wool and a=black
wool, you get a genotypic ratio of _________ and a phenotypic ratio of _________ .
Cross a homozygous dominant with a heterozygous animal. The result is 1:1
________________ ratio, and the phenotype is ______________________.
Cross a homozygous recessive with a heterozygous animal. The result is 1:1 __________
ratio, and 50% __________ to 50%
________ .