Vascular Plants with Seeds
C9L3P2
Plant Tissues
tissue
a group of similar cells
working together to perform
a particular function
A typical plant has 3 distinct kinds of tissue
• Dermal tissue
• Ground tissue
• Vascular tissue
Dermal Tissue
Protection
Prevent loss of water
Examples: epidermis, periderm
Ground Tissue
Metabolism
Storage
Support
Examples: parenchyma, collenchyma, schlerenchyma
Vascular Tissue
Transport water and sugar
Examples: xylem, phloem
Vascular Tissue
The plant’s sap-conducting tissues
Two types: xylem & phloem
Xylem: transports water and dissolved minerals
(one kind of sap) upward (long, thick-walled cells)
Phloem: transports food manufactured in the
leaves (the other kind of sap) downward
Vascular Tissue
In leaves and in non-woody plants, the
xylem and phloem are usually arranged
in vascular bundles (veins). Vascular
bundles are often supported by thickwalled cells called fibers.
Fibrovasular bundles: xylem and
phloem surrounded by supporting
tissues
Xylem
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Two kinds of xylem cells
are tracheids and vessel
elements.
All vascular plants have
xylem that is composed
of tracheids.
Tracheid cells die at
maturity, leaving a
hollow tube that water
can flow through freely.
Xylem

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Xylem in flowering
plants also includes cells
called vessel elements.
The end of vessel
elements have larger
openings than those
found in tracheid cells.
Water can pass through
easily.
Phloem
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Another type of
vascular tissue—
phloem—carries
dissolved sugars
throughout a plant.
Phloem is composed of
two types of cells—
sieve-tube elements
and companion cells.
Phloem
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Sieve-tube elements
are long, thin cells
stacked end-to-end to
form long tubes.
A companion cell
helps control the
functions of the sievetube element.
Vascular Tissue
Vascular Tissue
Xylem
Phloem
Vascular Tissue
Vascular Tissue
Vascular
Tissue
Sunflower
Stem
Vascular
Tissue