NAVIGATION OLD AND NEW - 1492
Astrolabe –
Indicates direction north
and south (latitude) by
using stars
(Invented by the Arabs)
Hour Glass –
Used to tell distance East
and West
Judge high noon, each hour
from this point = 15°
longitude
(Really an educated guess)
Log and Line –
Indicates speed in knots
Rutter –
(pronounced Rooter)
Personal records of the
captain (hopefully
accurate)
CompassIndicated direction
Invented by the
Chinese in the 2nd
century – used for
navigation by 11th
century
Dead Reckoning –
Location by sight
Used landmarks and shore to
go farther away from port
(similar to a young child
exploring his neighborhood)
Sounding –
Indicates depth of water
Scoop on the end of
rope to pull up sand.
The amount of rope
that gets wet indicates
depth of water.
Maps and Charts –
Hope they are accurate!
Tacking –
Used to sail into the
wind.
Triangle sails enabled
ships to pick up wind if
they sailed in a zigzag
pattern.
PARTS OF A SHIP
BARNACLES
Barnacles stick to the boat hull and grow creating a sort of skin
over the hull. This slows boat by taking away smoothness of hull
and adding weight. Barnacles get knocked off and fall off, which
pulls outer hull coating off allowing rot to get inside the wood.
CAREENING
The ship in this print has been careened - turned on
her side - for repairs or cleaning
FOOD
ON THE
SHIPS
Salted Beef
Wine
Hard tack
Beer
Salted Pork
LAW AND ORDER ON A SHIP
Dance the
hempen jig
Throwing overboard
Chain Hanging
Cat-o-Nine Tails
Keelhauling
Marooning