Earth Chemistry
• What would be a good
definition of matter?
• Anything that has mass and
volume (takes up space)
Quiz tomorrow!
• For both the quiz
and test be able to
identify things that
are matter or nonmatter:
• Practice:
H 2O
gold
air
love
dirt
heat
light
How to classify matter
Matter
Can be separated
Physically
Chemically
Mixture
Cannot be separated
Element
Compound
Physical separation possible
Chemical separation only
No fixed ratio of components
Fixed ration of components
Components not bonded
Components chemically bonded
Components keep their properties
Components lose their properties
Matter
Can be separated
Physically
Cannot be separated
Chemically
Mixtures
Element
Compounds
Smallest piece of an
element is an atom
Proton
Neutron
Red = Pure Substances
Electron
Physical separation
• No property changes occur in the items being
separated
• Mixtures – not bonded
• iron and sulfur – physical separation
• beach sand – What happens to the salt?
• placing tongue to sand – salty
• dissolving it in water – salty
• Did the salt change it’s properties?
• No – it’s a physical separation
Chemical separation
• Compounds chemically bonded together
• Components loose their properties – H2O
• How do you know you have a chemical
reaction?
• Change in color
• Temperature goes
or
• Gas
is produced
• Change in physical state
• Odor is produced or changed
Can a 1lb. chunk of gold be broken
down into anything else?
• No but you can divide it into smaller and
smaller pieces of gold
• The smallest piece of gold you can get is
an atom
• If you break that atom apart you will
find protons, neutrons, and electrons
• But you no longer have gold, and gold
protons are not different than lead
protons (or any other element)
What is a molecule?
• A molecule is the smallest part of a
compound
• O2 – is a molecule of an element
• H2O – is a molecule of water
Verbal Quiz
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•
•
•
•
Possible answers:
element
compound
non matter
mixture
Element, compound, non matter,
or mixture
•
•
•
•
•
Copper
dirt
oxygen
water
sugar
•
•
•
•
•
air
cold
blood
wood
steel
Element, compound, non matter,
or mixture
•
•
•
•
•
Copper - element
dirt - mixture
oxygen - element
water - compound
sugar - compound
•
•
•
•
•
air - mixture
cold – non matter
blood - mixture
wood - mixture
steel - mixture
Be able to duplicate this table
Parts of an atom
Particle
Name
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Location
Mass
Charge
Periodic Table of Elements
• Letters represent symbols for element
• 1st letter capitalized, 2nd lower case
• Blue lettered elements liquid at room
temperature
• Red lettered elements gas at room
temperature
• Black lettered elements solid at room
temperature
Periodic Table of Elements
• Numbers
• Whole numbers in the boxes represent
the atomic number = # of protons = #
of electrons
• The larger numbers with decimal
fractions in the boxes represent the
atomic mass = # of protons + # of
neutrons
Noble Gases
• Far right column is called the Noble
Gases
• All have outer orbits or energy levels
that are full of electrons
• They will not bond with any other
element
• You will never see CaAr3