Circulatory and Respiratory
Systems
Finz 2014
Function: transports nutrients and wastes
through the body.maintains body
temperature.
Structure:
• Blood which contains: red blood cells, white
blood cells, platelets and plasma.
Blood vessels
• Veins - Returns blood to the heart
• Arteries - Takes blood to the body.
• Capillaries - Smallest, between arteries &
veins.
• Heart, the muscle that pumps the blood
through the vessels.
Human Circulation Key
1. superior vena cava
2. inferior vena cava
3. right atrium
4. tricuspid valve
5. right ventricle
6. semi lunar valve
7. pulmonary artery
8. pulmonary vein
9. left atrium
10. bicuspid valve
11. left ventricle
12. semi lunar valve (aortic)
13. aorta
•
•
•
•
Valves: Flaps of connective tissue.
Found in the heart and in the veins.
Prevents blood from flowing backwards.
Systemic Circulation: Circulation
through the body.
• Pulmonary Circulation: Circulation
through the lungs.
Structure of the heart and
circulation of the blood.
• Pulmonary Circulation: circulation from the
body to the lungs.
• Right atrium: receives blue blood from body
through the vena cava and sends it through the
tricuspid valve.
• Tricuspid valve: leads to right ventricle.
• Right ventricle: pumps blood through semi lunar
valves into the pulmonary arteries.
• Pulmonary arteries: transports blood to the
lungs to get oxygen.
• Lungs: carbon dioxide leaves blood and oxygen
enters blood through the capillaries and alveoli.
Systemic Circulation: circulation
from the heart to the body.
• Pulmonary veins: returns oxygenated blood to
the heart.
• Left atrium: receives red blood from pulmonary
arteries and sends it through the bicuspid
valve.
• Bicuspid valve: leads to left ventricle.
• Left ventricle: pumps blood through semi lunar
valves into the aorta.
• Aorta: largest artery that pumps blood out to
the body's capillaries.
• Capillaries: attached to body parts that
exchange gases and nutrients/wastes with the
body.
The Respiratory System
What is the function of the
respiratory system?
– The basic function of the human
respiratory system is the
exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide between the blood, the
air, and tissues.
The respiratory system consists
of the:
•
•
•
•
•
•
nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
Functioning:
• Air entering the respiratory system must
be warmed, moistened, and filtered.
• Mucus moistens air and traps particles of
dust or smoke.
• Cilia sweep particles and mucus to the
throat.
• Mucus and particles are either swallowed
or spit out.
The Human Respiratory System
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Mouth
Trachea
Lungs
Epiglottis
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Nose
• Air enters the
nose or mouth
and moves to the
pharynx, or
throat.
• The pharynx
serves as a
passageway for
both air and
food.
Pharynx
• Air moves from Epiglottis
the pharynx into
the trachea, or
windpipe.
• The epiglottis
covers the
entrance to the
trachea when
you swallow.
Trachea
Larynx
• At the top of the
trachea is the
larynx, which
contains two elastic
folds of tissue
called vocal cords.
• Air then passes
through the
trachea into two
large
passageways in
the chest cavity
called bronchi.
• Each bronchus
leads into one of
the lungs.
Lungs
Bronchus
• In each lung, the
bronchus
subdivides into
smaller bronchi,
and then into
bronchioles.
Bronchioles
• Bronchioles
subdivide into
millions of tiny airBronchiole
sacs called alveoli.
Alveoli
• Alveoli are
grouped in
clusters.
• A network of
capillaries
surrounds each
alveolus.
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
vein
Capillaries
Gas Exchange
• Gas Exchange
O2
• Gas exchange takes
place in the alveoli.
• Oxygen diffuses into
the blood.
Capillary
Gas Exchange
• Carbon dioxide in
the blood diffuses
into the alveolus.
O2
CO2
Capillary