CHAPTER 14
Managing Technological
Resources
14.1
© Prentice Hall 2002
THE DATA RESOURCE
• DATA A MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL
RESOURCE
• MANAGE DATA & KNOWLEDGE AS
STRATEGIC RESOURCE
• DATA ASSET ONLY IF AVAILABLE
WHEN NEEDED
• RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERY USERMANAGER
14.2
© Prentice Hall 2002
*
KEY PRINCIPLES IN
MANAGING DATA
1. NEED TO MANAGE DATA IS
PERMANENT
2. DATA MAY EXIST AT SEVERAL
LEVELS
3. KEEP APPLICATION SOFTWARE
SEPARATE FROM DATABASE
*
14.3
© Prentice Hall 2002
KEY PRINCIPLES IN
MANAGING DATA
4. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
CLASSIFIED AS TO HOW THEY
TREAT DATA: Data capture, data transfer,
data analysis & presentation
5. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
CONSIDERED DISPOSABLE
6. DATA SHOULD BE CAPTURED ONCE
7. SET STRICT DATA STANDARDS
14.4
*
© Prentice Hall 2002
DATA PYRAMID
STRATEGIC
DATABASES
TRANSFER
SYSTEMS
ANALYSIS &
PRESENTATION
MANAGERIAL
CAPTURE
SYSTEMS
14.5
OPERATIONAL
TRANSACTION
DATA
© Prentice Hall 2002
CATEGORIES OF
INFORMATION PROCESSING
• RAW DATA CAPTURED/RECEIVED
• INSPECTED FOR QUALITY
• DATA USED IN AUTHORIZED
INFORMATION PRODUCT
• DATA RETRIEVED WHEN NEEDED
• OBSOLETE DATA REPLACED
• SECURE & UNCONTAMINATED
*
14.6
© Prentice Hall 2002
TYPES OF DATA STANDARDS
• IDENTIFIER: Unique value for each business entity
• NAMING: Unique name or label for each type of
data
• DEFINITION: Unambiguous description for each
type of data
• INTEGRITY RULE: Specify legitimate values for a
data type
• USAGE RIGHTS: Security clearances for a data
type
*
14.7
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ASSET MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
• PLAN
• SOURCE
• ACQUIRE & MAINTAIN
• DEFINE/DESCRIBE & INVENTORY
• ORGANIZE & MAKE ACCESSIBLE
• CONTROL QUALITY & INTEGRITY
*
14.8
© Prentice Hall 2002
ASSET MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
• PROTECT & SECURE
• ACCOUNT FOR USE
• RECOVER/RESTORE & UPGRADE
• DETERMINE RETENTION &
DISPOSAL
• TRAIN & CONSULT FOR EFFECTIVE
USE
*
14.9
© Prentice Hall 2002
DATA WAREHOUSE
NEW
APPLICATIONS
SYSTEMS
STATISTICAL
TOOLS
OPERATIONAL
STORE
LEGACY
APPLICATIONS
SYSTEMS
DATA
CAPTURING
&
PROCESSING
14.10
DATA
WAREHOUS
E
OTHER
TOO
LS
DATA
CLEANSING;
SECURITY
ISSUES
SINGLE
ENTERPRISE DATA
REPOSITORY;
ORGANIZED FOR
ANALYSIS
DATA ANALYSIS
&
PRESENTATION
© Prentice Hall 2002
DATA OWNERSHIP
• NEED TO PROTECT PERSONAL
PRIVACY
• NEED TO PROTECT TRADE SECRETS
• REQUIREMENT TO ALLOW ONLY
THOSE WITH ‘NEED TO KNOW’
ACCESS TO SENSITIVE MATERIAL
*
14.11
© Prentice Hall 2002
DATA OWNERSHIP
• DESIRE TO PROMOTE INTERNAL
COMPETITION, JUSTIFY USE OF
SCARCE RESOURCES
• DESIRE TO SHOW COMMITMENT TO
DATA OWNERSHIP
• DESIRE TO USE INFORMATION AS
POWER FOR POLITICAL GAIN
*
14.12
© Prentice Hall 2002
TRANSBORDER DATA FLOWS
•
•
•
•
ELECTRONIC DATA MOVEMENT ACROSS
NATIONAL BOUNDARIES CONTROLLED BY
LEGISLATION:
PREVENT ECONOMIC/CULTURAL
IMPERIALISM
PROTECT DOMESTIC INDUSTRY
PROTECT INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY
FOSTER INTERNATIONAL TRADE
*
14.13
© Prentice Hall 2002
DATA ADMINISTRATION
• PROMOTE & CONTROL DATA
SHARING
• ANALYZE IMPACT ON
APPLICATIONS OF CHANGES IN
DATA DEFINITIONS
• MAINTAIN DATA DICTIONARY:
Consistent encyclopedia of data names,
definitions, uses
14.14
*
© Prentice Hall 2002
DATA ADMINISTRATION
• REDUCE REDUNDANT DATA &
PROCESSING
• REDUCE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
COSTS, IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY
• IMPROVE QUALITY & SECURITY OF
DATA
• INSURE DATA INTEGRITY
*
14.15
© Prentice Hall 2002
DATABASE
ADMINISTRATION (DBA)
• TUNE DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
• SELECT & EVALUATE DATABASE
TRAINING
• CONTROL PHYSICAL DATABASE
DESIGN
• DESIGN METHODS TO RECOVER
FROM DATABASE DAMAGE
14.16
© Prentice Hall 2002
*
DATABASE
ADMINISTRATION (DBA)
• SUPERVISE PLACEMENT OF
DATABASES ON COMPUTERS &
STORAGE DEVICES
• MANAGE INTERFACE OF
DATABASES WITH
TELECOMMUNICATIONS & OTHER
TECHNOLOGY
*
14.17
© Prentice Hall 2002
DATA STEWARD
• ESTABLISHES PROCEDURES GOVERNING DATA
ELEMENTS
• ESTABLISHES ACCESS AUTHORIZATION
PROCEDURES
• DETERMINES & EVALUATES MOST RELIABLE
SOURCES OF DATA
• MAKES DATA DICTIONARY UNDERSTANDABLE
TO USERS
• ENSURES THAT ONLY NEEDED VERSIONS OF
EACH DATA ELEMENT EXIST
*
14.18
© Prentice Hall 2002
DATA STEWARD
• ENSURES DATA USED IS MOST APPROPRIATE
VERSION
• ASSIGNS RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DATA
INTEGRITY
• RESOLVES CONFLICTS CONCERNING SHARABLE
DATA
• CONSULTS WITH USERS ON USE OF
ELECTRONIC DATA
*
14.19
© Prentice Hall 2002
TOOLS FOR MANAGING DATA
1. DATA MODELING:
– ENTERPRISE MODELING
– VIEW INTEGRATION
2. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:
– RELATIONAL DBMS: Allows user to filter data
with specific properties
– STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
3. DATA DICTIONARY/DIRECTORY: A database
about data, provides standard names,
characteristics, uses
14.20
*
© Prentice Hall 2002
INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT ISSUES
1. LOCATION
2. THE WORKSTATION
3. SUPPORTING OPERATING
SYSTEMS
4. REDUNDANCY
5. SUPPORTING COMMUNICATIONS
PROTOCOLS
*
14.21
© Prentice Hall 2002
INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT ISSUES
6. BANDWIDTH
7. RESPONSE TIME ON NETWORK
8. SECURITY vs EASE OF ACCESS
9. BREADTH OF NETWORK ACCESS
10. ACCESS TO EXTERNAL DATA
SERVICES
*
14.22
© Prentice Hall 2002
APPLICATIONS PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT ISSUES
1. ASSUMED USER: Skills? Interfaces? Needed
software?
2. APPLICATION LOCATION: Centralized
shareable resource, or stand-alone?
3. PROCESS-DRIVEN OR DATA-DRIVEN
DESIGN
4. EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR NEW
APPLICATIONS SYSTEMS
*
14.23
© Prentice Hall 2002
ROLE OF USER-MANAGER
1. MAKE POSITION CLEAR ON CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURAL MANAGEMENT
ISSUES
2. TAKE ACTIVE ROLE IN DATA
STEWARDSHIP
3. TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR FOLLOWING
POLICIES
4. DEMAND QUALITY IS ASSET
MANAGEMENT
*
14.24
© Prentice Hall 2002
CHAPTER 14
Managing Technological
Resources
14.25
© Prentice Hall 2002