Topic:
The Cold War Begins
Essential Question:
How did fear affect people during the
Cold War?
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Karl Marx
Adam Smith
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Communism
Socialism
Capitalism
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Communism
Who owns the
means of
production?
Socialism
Capitalism
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Communism
Who owns the
means of
production?
Who makes
decisions that
determine
economic
activity?
Socialism
Capitalism
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Communism
Who owns the
means of
production?
Who makes
decisions that
determine
economic
activity?
Socialism
Capitalism
Private
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Communism
Who owns the
Public
means of
(government)
production?
Who makes
decisions that
determine
economic
activity?
Socialism
Capitalism
Private
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Communism
Socialism
Who owns the
Public
Public and
means of
(government) private
production?
Who makes
decisions that
determine
economic
activity?
Capitalism
Private
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Communism
Socialism
Capitalism
Who owns the
Public
Public and
means of
(government) private
production?
Private
Who makes
decisions that
determine
economic
activity?
Businesses
and
consumers
(free market)
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Communism
Socialism
Capitalism
Who owns the
Public
Public and
means of
(government) private
production?
Private
Who makes
decisions that
determine
Government
economic
activity?
Businesses
and
consumers
(free market)
 Important terms
 Economic systems:
Communism
Socialism
Capitalism
Who owns the
Public
Public and
means of
(government) private
production?
Private
Who makes
decisions that
determine
Government
economic
activity?
Businesses
and
consumers
(free market)
Businesses,
consumers,
and
government
 Systems of government
 Totalitarian
 Absolute monarchy
 Dictatorship
 Fascism/Nazism
 Communism
 Fascism/Nazism
 Communism
 Democratic
 Republic
 Constitutional monarchy
 Republic
 Constitutional monarchy
 Superpower
 A powerful nation that dominates world affairs
 The US and the Soviet Union (USSR)
 A powerful nation that dominates world affairs
 The US and the Soviet Union (USSR)
 The Cold War (1947-1991)
 The political, ideological, and economic struggle
between the USSR and the US and their respective
allies
 Global threat of nuclear war
 The political, ideological, and economic struggle
between the USSR and the US and their respective
allies
 Global threat of nuclear war
 Iron Curtain
 Boundary between capitalist Western Europe and
communist Eastern Europe
1946
 Iron Curtain
 Boundary between capitalist Western Europe and
communist Eastern Europe
 Pro-communist propaganda behind the Iron Curtain
 Boundary between capitalist Western Europe and
communist Eastern Europe
 Pro-communist propaganda behind the Iron Curtain
 Containment
 US policy during the Cold War
 Goal: stop the spread of communism
 Established by the Truman Doctrine
 Goal: stop the spread of communism
 Established by the Truman Doctrine
 Domino Theory
 Belief that as one nation became
communist, others would follow
 Influenced America’s decision to get
involved in conflicts like Korea and Vietnam
 Influenced America’s decision to get involved in
conflicts like Korea and Vietnam
 Discuss
 Economic systems
 Systems of government
 Superpower
 Cold War
 Iron Curtain
 Containment
 Domino Theory
 Write a sentence explaining why an “Iron Curtain” is a
good metaphor for the divide between capitalism and
communism in Europe.
 Belief that as one nation became communist,
others would follow
 Influenced America’s decision to get involved
in conflicts like Korea and Vietnam
 Marshall Plan (1948-1951)
 US program of economic aid for European
countries after World War II
Hamburg
 Marshall Plan (1948-1951)
 US program of economic aid for
European countries after World War II
 Helped them rebuild
 Helped contain communism
 Helped them rebuild
 Helped contain communism
 Crisis in Berlin
 Germany’s capital was located
within the Soviet-controlled zone
 Crisis in Berlin
 Germany’s capital was
located within the Sovietcontrolled zone
 Berlin Blockade (1948-1949)
 First major crisis of the
Cold War
 Soviets cut off supplies to
West Berlin
 First major crisis of the Cold War
 Soviets cut off supplies to West Berlin
 Berlin Airlift
 Western Allies brought food and supplies
by air daily
 Berlin Airlift
 Western Allies brought food and
supplies by air daily
 Stalin ended the blockade after 11
months
Lt. Gail Halvorsen –
Operation Little Vittles
 Western Allies brought food and supplies by air
daily
 Stalin ended the blockade after 11 months
 Alliances:
 NATO (1949)
 US, Canada, and their European allies
 NATO (1949)
 US, Canada, and their European allies
 Warsaw Pact (1955)
 Soviet response to NATO
 USSR and its allies
 Soviet response to NATO
 USSR and its allies
 Arms Race
 The US and the USSR competed for superior weapons
 Arms Race
 The US and the USSR competed for superior weapons
 The Soviets developed the atomic bomb in 1949
Nuclear weapons stockpiles
 The US and the USSR competed for superior weapons
 The Soviets developed the atomic bomb in 1949
 Hydrogen bomb
 Developed by both the Americans and the Soviets
during the 1950s
1952
Marshall Islands –
Bikini Atoll
1955
 Hydrogen bomb
 Developed by both the Americans and the Soviets
during the 1950s
 1000 times more powerful than WW2 atomic bombs
Tsar Bomba, 1961
 Developed by both the Americans and the Soviets
during the 1950s
 1000 times more powerful than WW2 atomic bombs
 “Duck and cover” drills
 1000 times more powerful than WW2 atomic bombs
 “Duck and cover” drills
 Discuss
 Marshall Plan
 Crisis in Berlin
 Alliances
 Arms Race
 Write a sentence explaining
why the Berlin Airlift was
important.
 1000 times more powerful than WW2 atomic bombs
 “Duck and cover” drills
 Space Race
 The US and the USSR competed in space exploration
 Space Race
 The US and the USSR competed in
space exploration
 Soviets:
 Sputnik (1957)
 First man-made satellite
(object that orbits the earth)
 Established the Soviets as the
early leaders in Space
 First man-made satellite (object
that orbits the earth)
 Established the Soviets as the
early leaders in Space
 First manned space flight
 Yuri Gagarin: first human in space
(1961)
 First manned space flight
 Yuri Gagarin: first human
in space (1961)
 NASA (1958)
 JFK challenged the nation to
reach the moon by the end
of the decade (1961)
 NASA (1958)
 JFK challenged the nation to reach the
moon by the end of the decade (1961)
 Apollo 11 (1969)
 First humans on the moon (July 20)
Apollo 8
 NASA (1958)
 JFK challenged the nation to reach the
moon by the end of the decade (1961)
 Apollo 11 (1969)
 First humans on the moon (July 20)
 Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
 First humans on the moon (July 20)
 Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
 One of the greatest accomplishments in human
history
 Established the Americans as the new leaders in
Space
 One of the greatest
accomplishments in
human history
 Established the
Americans as the new
leaders in Space
 Red Scare (1947-1957)
 Fear of communist influence
in society and government
 Red Scare (1947-1957)
 Fear of communist influence in society and government
 McCarthyism
 Senator Joseph McCarthy
 Fueled anti-communist fears
 Many people were accused and forced to testify
before Congress
 Senator Joseph McCarthy
 Fueled anti-communist
fears
 Many people were
accused and forced to
testify before Congress
 The term McCarthyism
now means accusing
someone without concern
for evidence
 Many people were accused and forced to testify before
Congress
 The term McCarthyism now means accusing someone
without concern for evidence
 Discuss
 Sputnik
 Yuri Gagarin
 Apollo 11
 McCarthyism
 Write a sentence explaining
why Apollo 11 was important.