9.1 Naming Ions A rose is rosa in Spanish, warda in Arabic, and julab in Hindi. To truly understand another culture, you must first learn the language used in that culture. Similarly, to understand chemistry, you must learn its language. For this you need to know how to name ions. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 33 End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Monatomic Ions How are the charges of Group A metal and nonmetal ions related to their positions in the periodic table? Monatomic ions consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons, respectively. 2 Slide of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Cations When the metals in Groups 1, 2, and 13 lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group number. The names of the cations of the Group 1, Group 2, and Group 13 metals are the same as the name of the metal, followed by the word ion or cation. Slide 3 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Slide 4 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Ions of Transition Metals How are the charges of some transition metal ions determined? The charges of the cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost. Slide 5 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions These colorful solutions contain the transition metal ions Co3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+. Slide 6 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Many transition metal compounds are colored and can be used as pigments. Slide 7 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Two methods are used to name the ions of transition metals. • The Stock system (this is the one we will use) • The classical method Slide 8 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions In the Stock system, a Roman numeral in parentheses is placed after the name of the element to indicate the numerical value of the charge. In an older less, useful method, the classical name of the element is used to form the root name for the element. Slide 9 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions Slide 10 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 9.1 Practice Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.1 Problem-Solving 9.1 Solve Problem 1 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial. Slide 11 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions What are the two endings of the names of most polyatomic ions? (Hint: use Table E) Slide 12 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions These models show the structures of four common polyatomic ions. Slide 13 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions Some ions, called polyatomic ions, are composed of more than one atom. The names of most polyatomic anions end in -ite or -ate. Slide 14 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions Names and Formulas of Some Common Polyatomic Ions (see first page of regents reference tables) Slide 15 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions Sodium hydrogen carbonate can relieve an upset stomach. Slide 16 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions HCO3–, HPO42–, and H2PO4– ions in your blood are critical for your health. Slide 17 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions Fertilizers contain HPO42– and H2PO4– ions. Slide 18 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Section Quiz. Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 9.1. Continue to: -or- Launch: Section Quiz Slide 19 of @@ © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Section Quiz 2. Which of the following are positively charged polyatomic ions? a. (I) ammonium ion b. (II) perchlorate ion c. (III) ferric ion = Fe(III) ion a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and III Slide 20 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.1 Section Quiz 3. If the name of an ion ends in -ite or -ate, the ion is a a. polyatomic cation. b. polyatomic anion. c. transition metal cation. d. monatomic anion. Slide 21 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Ionic Compounds a.How are the names of binary ionic compounds determined? b.How do you write the formulas for binary ionic compounds? Slide 22 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds a. These masks are made of an ionic compound with the common name gypsum. This name does not tell you anything about the chemical composition of the compound, though. Slide 23 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds Naming Binary Ionic Compounds a. A binary compound is composed of two elements and can be either ionic or molecular. a.To name any binary ionic compound, place the cation name first, followed by the anion name. Slide 24 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds a. Tin(II) sulfide, or SnF2, is added to toothpastes to prevent cavities. Slide 25 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds a. Tin(IV) sulfide, or SnS2, is used in glazes for porcelain fixtures and dishes. Slide 26 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds a. Hematite, a common ore of iron, contains iron (III) oxide. The balanced formula is Fe2O3. Slide 27 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds a.Write the symbol of the cation and then the anion. Add whatever subscripts are needed to balance the charges. Slide 28 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Conceptual Problem 9.2 Slide 29 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Conceptual Problem 9.2 Slide 30 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Conceptual Problem 9.2 Slide 31 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show for Conceptual Problem 9.2 Sample Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.2 Problem Solving 9.11 Solve Problem 11 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial. Slide 32 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions Compounds with Polyatomic Ions How do you write the formulas and names of compounds containing polyatomic ions? Write the symbol for the cation followed by the formula for the polyatomic ion and balance the charges. Slide 33 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions a. For example, calcium nitrate is composed of a calcium cation (Ca2+) and a polyatomic nitrate anion (NO3–). b. In calcium nitrate, two nitrate anions, each with a 1– charge, are needed to balance the 2+ charge of each calcium cation. The formula for calcium nitrate is Ca(NO3)2. Slide 34 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions a. Oysters produce calcium carbonate to form their shells and sometimes pearls. Slide 35 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions a. Lead(II)sulfate is an important component of an automobile battery. Slide 36 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.3 Conceptual Problem 9.3 Slide 37 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.3 Conceptual Problem 9.3 Slide 38 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.3 Conceptual Problem 9.3 Slide 39 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show for Conceptual Problem 9.3 Practice Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.3 Problem-Solving 9.12 Solve Problem 12 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial. Slide 40 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions a.To name a compound containing a polyatomic ion, state the cation first and then the anion, just as you did in naming binary ionic compounds. Slide 41 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions a. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is used as a disinfectant for swimming pools. The metallic cation in this compound is sodium (Na+) so the polyatomic ion must be ClO–. Slide 42 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 section Quiz. Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 9.2. Slide 43 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Section Quiz 1. The correct name for CrCl3 is a. chromium chlorine. b. chromium(III) chloride. c. monochromium trichloride. d. chromium(III) trichloride. Slide 44 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Section Quiz 2. What is the correct formula for strontium nitride? a. Sr3N2 b. SrN2 c. Sr2N3 d. Sr3N Slide 45 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 9.2 Section Quiz 3. Which one of the following compounds is named correctly? a. sodium chlorite, NaClO b. potassium nitrate, KNO2 c. sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2 d. lithium sulfate, Li2SO3 Slide 46 of 33 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show