Grammar, Usage and Mechanics
Understanding
Verb Tense
Present
I speak
Present Perfect
Past
I spoke
Past Perfect
Future
I will speak
Future Perfect
a past event with
present consequences
an action in the past that
finished before another
action in the past started
an action that will be finished
before some point in the future
or last into the future
I have spoken
I had spoken
I will have spoken
Progressive Form
the continuing action of each tense;
consists of a form of the verb be plus the present participle (-ing) of a verb
I am speaking
I have been speaking
I was speaking
I had been speaking
I will be speaking
I will have been speaking
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
a past event with
present consequences
an action in the past that
finished before another
action in the past started
an action that will be finished
before some point in the future
or last into the future
“have”
“has” or “had”
“will have”
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Progressive Form
the continuing action of each tense;
consists of a form of the verb be plus the present participle (-ing) of a verb
(am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been)
Present Progressive
Past Progressive
“am” or “are” + ing “was” or “were” + ing
Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive
“have been” + ing
“had been” + ing
Future Progressive
“will be” + ing
Future Perfect Progressive
“will have been” + ing