Chapter 29: Nationalism and
Revolution.
Section 1: Struggle for Change in
Latin America
* Porfirio Diaz, dictator of Mexico
and ruled fir 35 years.
* Welcomed foreigners.
* Most Mexicans lived in poverty
* Demands for land were ruthlessly
crushed by police.
* Miners became angry and restless.
The Battle Begins
• Fransisco Madero, a liberal
informer, demanded free elections
in 1910.
• He was imprisioned by Diaz and
later hosted the flag revolt.
• Emiliano Zapata led peasant
revolt.
Reforms
• Constitution of 1917 adressed:
1. land
2. religion
3. labor
• Nationalization- government
takeover
• Gave women some protection.
Women were entitled to the same
pay as men.
• The PRI-> Intitutional
Revolutionary Party.
• Managed to accommadate all
groups in Mexican society.
• Three causes of the Mexican
Revolution
1. Demands for land
2. Poverty
3. Meager Wages
Section 2: Nationalist Movement in
Africa and The Middle East.
• In Kenya and Rhodesia, white settlers
forced Africans off their land.
• European could only grow crops not the
Africans.
• Some settled illegally on white
plantations.
• Best jobs went to Europeans.
• Kikuyu, protested the loss of their land.
• Apartheid- a system of racial
segregation.
Turkey and Iran
• Turkish nationalists overthrew the
sultan and declared it a republic.
• Ataturk- “father of the Turks”
replaced Islamic law with a new
code based on European models.
• Reza Khan overthrew the Shah
and built factories, roads, and
railroads.
Arab Nationalism and European
Mandates
• Pan-Arabism sought to free Aabs
from foreign domination.
Section 3: India Seeks Self-Rule
• Mohandas Gandhi tried to set up
his own law practice and fought
laws that discriminated against
Indians in South Africa.
• His ideas inspired Indians of all
religions and background.
• Civil Disobedience- the refusal to
obey unjust laws.
The Salt March
• Gandhi wrote to the British viceroy
explaining his motives and goals to
break the law.
• Marched to the sea.
• Thousands went to prision.
• Stories formed that said police brutally
clubed peaceful marchers.
• Complete independence was not
granted until 1947.
Section 4: The Chinese Republic.
• Qing dynasty collapsed in 1911.
• Sun Yixan stepped down as
president and hoped Yuan Shikai
would restore order and create a
strong central government.
• As rivals battled, the economy
collapsed and millions suffered.
• Japan presented Yuan with
Twenty-one demands which
sought to make China a Japanese
protectorate.
• Japan thought they were “selling
out” at Versailles and blamed the
government.
• They wanted to raise an army,
defeat warloads, and spread the
government to rule all of China.
• After Sun’s death, Jiang Jieshi
took over and marched into
Northern China capturing Beijing.
Slide 3:Japanese Invasions.
• In 1931, Japan invaded
Manchuria in North eastern
China.
• They attacked China’s proper.
Section 5: Empire of the Rising Sun
• All adult men and women had the
right to vote.
• By 1920, the powerful business
leaders influenced politics through
donations to political parties.
• Problems faced:
1. economy grew more slowly
2. rural peasants enjoyed none of the prosperity of citydwellers.
3. attracted Marx’s ideas.