APUSH
UNIT 1
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 Brainchild of Sir Walter Raleigh.
 1st Expedition arrived July 4th, 1584.
 Early attempts at colonization failed.
 117 colonists under the lead of John White, an artist
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from the 1st expedition.
Early relations with the natives turned violent.
White returns to England for supplies & arrives
during the mobilization for the defense against the
Spanish Armada.
Returns to three years later to nothing.
Virginia Dare
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 1st English Colony in the Americas to survive.
 Established by the Virginia Company, a joint-stock
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company.
Original purpose almost led to their downfall, Gold.
Named for King James I, successor to Queen Elizabeth.
Colony site located on the James River, around 100
men established colony on May 24th, 1607.
Starving Time 1609-1610.
John Smith, ‘ye who shall not work, shall not eat.’
John Rolfe, produced a new strain of tobacco which
made the Colony profitable.
Lord De La Warr takes over.
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 She was about 12 – 13, he
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was almost 30.
She later married John
Rolfe not John Smith.
Baptized Rebecca Rolfe.
Married in 1614, they
lived in Virginia for two
years & had a son.
Together they went to
England, she died 9
months later.
FFV and Edith Galt
Wilson.
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Godspeed
Susan Constant
Discovery
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 Came from
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Holland, not
England.
Only about ½ on
board were
Pilgrims.
Headed for mouth
of Hudson River.
Separatists vs.
Puritans.
Nov. 1620, 65-66
day voyage.
102 passengers.
Only 44 survived
1st winter.
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Plymouth
Rock
Mayflower
Landing
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 Nauset tribe was hostile.
 Wampanoag were
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friendly, out of necessity.
Native vs. Native
conflicts
Benefits of European
friends.
Much of the Pilgrims
story comes from the
journal of William
Bradford.
Elected Plymouth
Governor 30 times.
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 Tisquantum
 Wampanoag Tribesman.
 Had been kidnapped by a
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Lt. of John Smith and sold
into slavery in Spain.
With the help of
Franciscan friars, gained
freedom and made his
way to England.
Later returned home.
Encounter with William
Bradford.
Taught Pilgrim how to
cultivate harsh soil
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 Plymouth was the 1st but was never numerically or
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economically important.
Mass Bay Colony formed in 1628. Population boomed
beginning in 1630.
The Great Migration of the 1630s: ~70,000 immigrated
to the Colony
Founders were more moderate Puritans than the
Pilgrims and wanted to reform the Church of England
from within, to purify.
John Winthrop: “A City Upon a Hill” sermon.
The irony of colonists in search of religious freedom.
The Puritan Mecca – The Bible Commonwealth
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 Colonial leaders used the threat
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of exile as a club to keep colonists
in line.
Roger Williams protested
treatment of decenters.
He protested the Colony’s policies
toward Indian Land.
An extreme separatist, Williams
was exiled in 1636.
With the help of Native friends,
established the Colony of
Providence, located in present
day Rhode Island.
“Rogues Island”
Full religious freedom for the 1st
time.
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 Debtors Jail.
 Witches Test.
 1692 Salem Mass.
 Young girls accuse
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older women.
Class struggle.
20 executed + 2 dogs.
Governor ended
hysteria for personal
reasons.
Death by plates?
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 Held Bible study meetings for
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women in Mass Bay Colony.
Mother of 14 children.
Put on trial during 15th
pregnancy for violating 5th
Commandment, honor thy
father and thy mother.
Dereliction of duty.
Exiled to Rogues Island.
Died in Native attack on New
Amsterdam.
Her brother-in-law, a follower
of her teachings, later
founded colony of New
Hampshire.
Early example of fighter for
Women’s Rights.
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 Penn’s Woodlands
 Quakers.
 Religious Society of
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Friends.
Extreme pacifists.
Enacted first Blue Laws.
Persecuted for refusing to
pay taxes to Church of
England.
Pennsylvania Dutch?
Excellent relations with the
Natives.
Penn only spent about four
years in his own colony.
Mennonites & the Amish.
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 Cecilius Calvart, the 2nd
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Lord Baltimore.
Served as Governor for
42 years.
Founded the Colony of
Maryland as a safe haven
for Catholics.
Catholics were the most
persecuted group in
British North America.
Act of Toleration, 1649.
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