Utilizing Secondary Data in a
BR&E Program
Alan Barefield
Associate Director, Southern Rural Development Center
Extension Professor, Agricultural Economics
Mississippi State University
Extension Service
662.325.3207
alanb@srdc.msstate.edu
Objectives
• Develop an understanding of the various types of
secondary data that are available
• Understand the limitations and possibilities of
various data sources
• Utilize secondary data in understanding the
community or region in which you work
• Develop an understanding (primarily through
discussion) of presenting information, not
data, to your audience(s)
And by noon tomorrow …
Definitions
• Primary Data – you collect it yourself (BR&E
surveys)
• Secondary Data – someone else collects it for
your use
• Federal Data – data reported by the federal govt
• State Data – data reported by state govts
• Local Data – data reported by individual
counties/parishes and/or municipalities
Which is the best?
• It depends on what your needs are!
Why Do We Need To Use Data?
• To develop a profile for the community
• To identify niches for new and emerging
businesses
• To identify macroeconomic or regional red flags
that may impact your community’s businesses
• To develop a sense of community, regional and
state-level trends
• To have the ability to discuss outside factors
with business owners/managers
Why do you want to use
Secondary Data?
Key Questions
• Do you want to present data or provide
information?
• What is the source of the data?
▫ Governmental sources are usually very reliable
▫ Anecdotal or locally collected data can be skewed
or outright wrong
▫ Private data collectors/reporters can provide good
estimates – KNOW YOUR SOURCE
Key Questions
• Geographical Location
▫ Many data are only available for large geographic
areas – particularly in rural areas
▫ Populations (of any type) are seldom homogeneous
• Does it provide info on the relevant
audience/issue/topic?
▫ Reporting on manufacturing as a whole does little
good for a cluster of wood furniture products
manufacturers
Key Questions
• Is the data current?
▫ Many federal data sources are lagged from 2-9
years
▫ The economic times are a changin’
• Are the data and their definitions the same
across time?
▫ SIC vs. NAICS
▫ Added racial characteristics of the decennial
census
Advantages to Secondary Data
• They already exist
• Often a less expensive way to gather data
• Quickly provides a handle for current/emerging
issues
• Primary data collection is costly
• Large samples provide accuracy
• Can help to fine-tune primary data collection
activities and programs
Disadvantages of Secondary Data
• Inconsistencies in definitions
▫ (urban/rural, metro/nonmetro, industry
classifications)
• Data may be inaccurate or incomplete; biased
• Potential problems with reliability
▫ (sample size, response rate, questionnaire design)
• Usually only an indirect measure of the issue
• Data can be old
• Data interpretation to provide info can be faulty
Federal Data Sources
U.S. Sources
• Census Bureau – www.census.gov
• Bureau of Labor Statistics – www.bls.gov
• Dept of Commerce – www.doc.gov
• Dept of Agriculture – www.usda.gov
▫ Economic Research Service – www.ers.usda.gov
Canadian Sources
• Statistics Canada –
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/start-debut-eng.html
Census Bureau
• Probably the most often used secondary data site
• Contains a multitude of data sources
• Major drawback is the time frame in which the
data is released (the latest availability for many
data is 2006)
• Most used sites include population, County
Business Patterns, and Nonemployer Statistics
Census Bureau Homepage
URL: http://www.census.gov
Census Population
Estimates/Projections
• Baseline descriptor of past and future population of
the county
• Provides a “market” view of what people think about
the county or state as a place to live
• Past populations are “estimates;” future populations
are “projections.” Projections are available for states
only.
• Not broken down by race and gender
• Are broken down by components of change: Births,
Deaths, People Moving In, and People Moving Out
Population Estimates
Oktibbeha County, MS
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Private Data Sources
• There are a number of private vendors that
supply data and, in some cases, analyses
• Typically relatively expensive, but can be very
useful from a reputable firm
• Firms include: Woods & Poole, EMSI, IMPLAN,
REMI
• These firms gather data from a variety of sources
and assemble it to fit their market
• Their estimates may vary from official estimates
County Population Estimates
Oktibbeha County, MS
Source: Woods & Poole
Components of Population Change
• There are four main components of population
change (why the population of a county varies)
▫
▫
▫
▫
Births
Deaths
Inmigration
Outmigration
• Births and Deaths are natural occurences
• Inmigration and Outmigration are choices
“dictated” by the market
Components of Population Change
Oktibbeha County, MS
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Canada Census Products
• URL is: http://canada.gc.ca/azind/sindexeng.html#sta
• Canadian census is conducted every five years
• Community Profiles under Data Products
provides a tremendous analysis for individual
communities
2010 Census
• In the past, detailed data was collected from the
decennial census by one household in six
receiving the “long form”
• The more detailed information is collected
through the American Community Survey
▫ Provides current data every year
▫ Sent to a small sample on a rotating basis
▫ No household will receive the survey more than
once in five years
American Community Survey
• URL is:
▫ http://www.census.gov/acs/www/index.html
• Annual survey derived from the census long
form
• Sent to a population sample to provide update
between decennial censi
• Advantage – it provides a fairly up-to-date look
at population and housing
• Disadvantage – the sampling does not include
all counties and places (cities and towns)
Median Age of Mississippi Counties
Under 30 years
30 – 35 years
35 – 40 years
Over 40 years
ACS Topics Covered
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Age and Sex
Aging
Children
Disability
Education
Employment
Fertility
Grandparents
Group quarters
population
• Housing
• Housing financial
characteristics
• Housing physical
characteristics
• Income
• Mobility
• Origins and Language
• Poverty
• Relationships
• Transportation
• Veterans
Starkville, MS ACS Snapshots
Federal, State & Local Govt Statistics
• URL is:
▫ http://www.census.gov/govs/index.html
• Provides information on the following:
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
Employment and Payroll
Finance Statistics
Federal Spending
Tax Statistics
Government List and Structure
Criminal Justice
Elementary-Secondary Education
Library
Census of Government
Full-time
Emp
Totals for Government
Financial Administration
Other Government Administration
Judicial and Legal
Police Protection - Officers
Police - Other
Firefighters
Fire - Other
Correction
Streets and Highways
Hospitals
Solid Waste Management
Sewerage
Parks and Recreation
Housing and Community Development(Local)
Natural Resources
Water Supply
Electric Power
Elementary and Secondary - Instruction
Elementary and Secondary - Other Total
Local Libraries
Other and Unallocable
1,777
20
11
15
74
9
55
1
20
50
464
44
6
9
10
1
33
37
589
309
10
10
Full-time
Pay
5,290,358
84,179
34,834
43,842
240,175
21,313
157,184
2,014
46,114
110,883
1,904,957
105,615
18,325
19,594
36,218
1,920
68,612
115,992
1,719,947
510,513
20,836
27,291
Full-time
Equiv
1,864
20
15
16
76
10
55
1
20
50
522
44
6
10
11
1
34
37
595
311
18
11
Total Emp Total Payroll
2,097
21
40
33
79
17
70
4
20
50
620
44
7
11
13
1
36
38
622
323
27
16
5,578,536
84,528
48,864
46,719
243,094
22,477
157,484
2,192
46,114
110,883
2,124,074
105,615
18,924
21,141
39,376
1,920
69,666
116,414
1,741,379
513,582
33,252
30,027
School Finance
Starkville
Fall Membership
Oktibbeha
County
4,058
833
36,585
10,409
5,604
2,307
Total Revenue from State Sources
17,639
4,529
Total Revenue from Local Sources
13,342
3,573
TOTAL ELEMENTARY-SECONDARY EXPENDITURE
34,688
10,590
Total Current Spending
33,490
10,168
Total Current Spending for Instruction
18,668
5,266
Total Current Spending for Support Services
10,789
4,283
4,033
619
Total Capital Outlay Expenditure
869
268
Interest on School System Indebtedness
329
154
11,147
2,836
Long-term debt issued during the fiscal year
0
0
Long-term debt retired during the fiscal year
698
221
TOTAL ELEMENTARY-SECONDARY REVENUE
Total Revenue from Federal Sources
Other Current Spending
Long-term debt outstanding at end of the fiscal year
School Finance
Starkville
Oktibbeha
County
7,675
12,139
Per Pupil - Total salaries and wages
5,136
6,862
Per Pupil - Total employee benefit payments
1,486
2,182
Per Pupil - Total Current Spending for Instruction
4,600
6,322
3,191
4,417
887
1,307
2,659
5,142
Per Pupil - Pupil support
404
562
Per Pupil - Instructional staff support
484
419
Per Pupil - General administration
169
743
Per Pupil - School administration
434
657
Per Pupil - Total Current Spending (Elementary-secondary)
Per Pupil - Salaries and wages
Per Pupil - Employee benefits
Per Pupil - Total Current Spending for Support Services
County Business Patterns
• URL is:
▫ http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/index.html
• Excludes data on the self-employed, private
household, railroad, ag production and most govt
employees
• Includes businesses that have paid at least one
employee over the course of the year
• Useful for marketing and budgeting analysis
• Info on size of business and number of employees
CBP Definitions
• Establishments –
▫ An establishment is a single physical location at which business is
conducted or services or industrial operations are performed. It is
not necessarily identical with a company or enterprise, which
may consist of one or more establishments. When two or more
activities are carried on at a single location under a single
ownership, all activities generally are grouped together as a single
establishment. The entire establishment is classified on the basis
of its major activity and all data are included in that classification.
▫ Establishment-size designations are determined by paid
employment in the mid-March pay period. The size group
"1 to 4" includes establishments that did not report
any paid employees in the mid-March pay period but paid wages
to at least one employee at some time during the year.
▫ Establishment counts represent the number of locations with
paid employees any time during the year. This series excludes
governmental establishments except for wholesale liquor
establishments (NAICS 4248), retail liquor stores (NAICS 44531),
Federally-chartered savings institutions (NAICS 522120),
Federally-chartered credit unions (NAICS 522130), and hospitals
(NAICS 622).
CBP Definitions
• Payroll
▫ Total payroll includes all forms of compensation, such as
salaries, wages, reported tips, commissions, bonuses,
vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, employee contributions
to qualified pension plans, and the value of taxable fringe
benefits. For corporations, it includes amounts paid to
officers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, it
does not include profit or other compensation of
proprietors or partners. Payroll is reported before
deductions for Social Security, income tax, insurance, union
dues, etc. First-quarter payroll consists of payroll during
the January-to-March quarter.
• Mid-March Employment
▫ Paid employment consists of full- and part-time employees,
including salaried officers and executives of corporations,
who are on the payroll in the pay period including March
12. Included are employees on paid sick leave, holidays, and
vacations; not included are proprietors and partners of
unincorporated businesses.
County Business Patterns
Establishments – Oktibbeha County, MS
Total Establishments
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation & warehousing
Information
Finance & insurance
Real estate & rental & leasing
Professional, scientific & technical services
Management of companies & enterprises
Admin, support, waste mgt, remediation
services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Arts, entertainment & recreation
Accommodation & food services
Other services (except public administration)
Unclassified establishments
Source: County Business Patterns
2000
2006
Establishment
Establishments Establishments
Change
813
824
11
73
62
-11
31
27
-4
15
12
-3
172
166
-6
14
20
6
13
15
2
53
63
10
54
48
-6
65
68
3
3
6
3
25
7
67
10
85
105
9
31
9
74
7
98
97
4
6
2
7
-3
13
-8
-5
County Business Patterns
Establishments – Oktibbeha County, MS
Total
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation & warehousing
Information
Finance & insurance
Real estate & rental & leasing
Professional, scientific & technical services
Management of companies & enterprises
Admin, support, waste mgt, remediation services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Arts, entertainment & recreation
Accommodation & food services
Other services (except public administration)
Unclassified establishments
Source: County Business Patterns
2000 Employees
10,666
393
2,429
76
2,086
65
175
386
171
312
183
427
109
1,271
83
1,793
601
20-99
2006 Employees
11,648
452
1,466
252
2,412
20-99
166
436
161
323
156
1,000-2,499
100-249
1,514
100-249
2,209
604
0-19
Employee Change
982
59
-963
176
326
#VALUE!
-9
50
-10
11
-27
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
243
#VALUE!
416
3
#VALUE!
Economic Census
• URL is:
▫ http://www.census.gov/econ/census07
• Conducted every five (5) years
• Results for the 2007 Economic Census are being
issued on American Factfinder starting in 2009
• Data is reported by NAICS codes
• Data will ultimately be available from the
national to the local level
Economic Census Release Schedule
Source: Economic Census
Core
Business
Statistics
2007 NAICS
code
21
22
23
31-33
42
44-45
48-49
51
52
53
54
55
56
61
62
71
72
81
Source: Economic Census
Meaning of 2007 NAICS code
Mining, quarrying, and oil
and gas extraction
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and
warehousing
Information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and
leasing
Professional, scientific,
and technical services
Management of companies
and enterprises
Administrative and Support
and Waste Mang and
Remediation Srvs
Educational services
Health care and social
assistance
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation
Accommodation and food
services
Other services (except
public administration)
Number of
establishments
Sales, shipments,
receipts, revenue, or
business done
($1,000)
Annual payroll
($1,000)
Number of paid
employees for pay
period including
March 12
21,169
16,879
725,101
293,919
432,094
1,122,703
369,191,012
581,553,952
1,781,778,684
5,339,345,058
6,039,227,184
3,932,027,444
37,308,193
50,893,874
348,138,262
612,474,100
336,128,248
364,991,713
703,129
632,432
7,399,047
13,333,390
6,295,109
15,610,710
217,926
141,034
503,156
655,857,245
1,075,153,974
3,641,082,600
172,166,275
223,376,793
494,484,693
4,435,760
3,428,262
6,562,546
382,725
493,911,736
88,880,642
2,309,725
844,552
1,344,760,849
511,818,276
8,079,319
S
S
S
S
389,073
60,689
636,657,422
47,241,063
293,802,755
14,584,076
10,195,685
562,210
779,074
1,697,230,614
665,831,857
16,859,513
123,965
188,975,642
57,545,590
2,070,524
626,558
612,949,468
169,845,677
11,587,814
537,820
417,512,388
99,809,780
3,515,796
Product Statistics
Products and
services code
321211
3212111300
3212113300
3212115100
3212117300
321211WY
321211WYWW
321211WYWY
321212
3212121100
3212124100
321212WY
321212WYWW
321212WYWY
3212130
3212130111
3212130211
3212130Y
3212130YWW
3212130YWY
Meaning of Products and services code
Hardwood veneer and plywood manufacturing
Hardwood veneer, incl. backed w/
paper/cloth/etc.
Hardwood plywood, except prefinished made
from purchased
Hardwood plywood, prefinished, made from
purchased
Hardwood veneered panels, including two-ply
veneers
Hardwood veneer and plywood manufacturing,
nsk, total
Hardwood veneer & plywood, nsk, for
nonadministrative-records
Hardwood veneer & plywood, nsk, for
administrative-records
Meaning of
Units of
measure
mil sq ft sm
Softwood veneer and plywood manufacturing
Softwood veneer, incl. backed w/
mil sq ft (1 in.
paper/cloth/other flexible mat.
basis)
Softwood plywood products: rough, sanded, and
specialties
Softwood veneer and plywood manufacturing,
nsk, total
Softwood veneer & plywood, nsk, for
nonadministrative-records
Softwood veneer and plywood, nsk, for
administrative-records
Engineered wood members, except trusses
Laminated veneer lumber
mil bd ft
Other engineered wood
members,exc.trusses/laminated veneer lumber
Engineered wood members, except trusses, nsk,
total
Engineered wood members, exc. trusses. nsk,
nonadmin-recs
Engineered wood members, exc. trusses, nsk,
admin-records
Source: Economic Census
Number of companies
with shipments of
$100,000 or more
Quantity of
production for all
purposes
Products
shipments
quantity
Products
shipments value
($1,000)
N
X
X
3,236,649
78
X
X
1,075,909
52
X
X
1,112,849
19
X
S
315,381
52
X
X
497,675
N
X
X
234,835
N
X
X
167,436
N
X
X
67,399
N
X
X
4,035,625
40
X
S
874,604
37
X
X
3,142,979
N
X
X
18,042
N
X
X
16,567
N
X
X
1,475
N
73
X
X
X
S
2,372,403
759,429
107
X
X
1,507,977
N
X
X
104,997
N
X
X
93,819
N
X
X
11,178
Materials Consumed by Kind
Meaning of Material or fuel
Meaning of Units of
Material or fuel code
code
measure
2007 NAICS code
Meaning of 2007 NAICS code
Hardwood logs and bolts
mil bd ft Intl 1/4 in.
Hardwood veneer and plywood
11331015
321211
scale
manufacturing
Softwood logs and bolts
mil bd ft Intl 1/4 in.
Hardwood veneer and plywood
11331017
321211
scale
manufacturing
Hardwood veneer
mil sq ft sm
Hardwood veneer and plywood
32121105
321211
manufacturing
Softwood veneer
mil sq ft (1 in. basis)
Hardwood veneer and plywood
32121203
321211
manufacturing
Hardwood plywood
mil sq ft sm
Hardwood veneer and plywood
32121101
321211
manufacturing
Particleboard (wood)
mil sq ft (3/4 in.
Hardwood veneer and plywood
32121903
321211
basis)
manufacturing
Hardwood veneer
mil sq ft sm
Softwood veneer and plywood
32121105
321212
manufacturing
Softwood veneer
mil sq ft (1 in. basis)
Softwood veneer and plywood
32121203
321212
manufacturing
Hardwood plywood
mil sq ft sm
Softwood veneer and plywood
32121101
321212
manufacturing
Particleboard (wood)
mil sq ft (3/4 in.
Softwood veneer and plywood
32121903
321212
basis)
manufacturing
Hardwood rough lumber
mil bd ft
Engineered wood member (except truss)
32100023
321213
manufacturing
Consumption
quantity
S
(p)36.0
Delivered cost
($1,000)
331,471
D
S
626,244
S
187,062
S
158,002
S
69,367
S
D
(q)1,796.1
454,789
S
D
S
D
S
63,118
56,227
32100029
Softwood rough lumber
mil bd ft
321213
Engineered wood member (except truss)
manufacturing
117
32100027
Hardwood dressed lumber
mil bd ft
321213
Engineered wood member (except truss)
manufacturing
S
D
32100033
Softwood dressed lumber
mil bd ft
321213
Engineered wood member (except truss)
manufacturing
S
90,939
32121201
Softwood plywood
mil sq ft sm
321213
Engineered wood member (except truss)
manufacturing
D
D
Source: Economic Census
Annual Survey of Manufactures
Geographic Area Statistics
• Can be found from the Annual Economic Survey
section of Data Sets on American Factfinder
▫ http://factfinder.census.gov
• Provides sample estimates for mfg establishments
with one (1) or more paid employees
• Conducted in years between the Economic Census
• Reports issued include:
▫ Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries
▫ Value of Product Shipments
▫ Geographic Area Statistics
Annual Survey of Manufactures
Geographic Area Statistics Reporting
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Number of employees
Annual payroll
Average number of production workers per year
Production workers wages
Production workers hours worked
Total cost of materials
Total value of shipments
Value-added by industry
Capital expenditures
Nonemployer Statistics
• Can be found from the Annual Economic Survey
section of Data Sets on American Factfinder
▫ http://factfinder.census.gov
• Summarizes number of establishments and sales
or receipts for business without paid employees
that are subject to federal income tax.
• Most nonemployers are operating very small
unincorporated business and may or may not be
the principal income source
Oktibbeha County, MS Nonemployer
Statistics (2006)
Starkville, MS Micropolitan Area
Nonemployer Statistics (2006)
Sales Tax Collection Data
• Arkansas
▫ http://www.arkansas.gov/dfa/excise_tax_v2/et_su_stats.html
• Iowa
▫ http://www.state.ia.us/tax/educate/statreports.html
• Kansas
▫ http://www.ksrevenue.org/salesreports.htm
• Missouri
▫ http://dorx.mo.gov/publicreports/
• New York
▫ http://www.tax.state.ny.us/statistics/default.htm
• Oregon
▫ No state sales tax
• Texas
▫ http://www.window.state.tx.us/taxinfo/local/
Mississippi Sales Tax Report
Oktibbeha County (2006)
Total for County
Automotive
Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies
Food and Beverage
Furniture and Fixtures
Public Utilities
Apparel and General Merchandise
Lumber and Building Materials
Miscellaneous Retail
Miscellaneous Services
Wholesale
Contracting
Recreation
Total Retail
Number of
Taxpayers
956
122
69
191
29
19
77
52
253
63
Gross Tax
32,933,397
2,878,337
511,843
8,054,664
465,019
1,734,648
7,331,359
3,656,910
2,003,946
1,772,887
Gross Sales
533,946,229
48,798,090
9,685,952
115,066,519
6,643,128
32,074,083
104,732,965
52,241,533
28,642,527
25,378,496
74
7
956
3,644,526
559,321
32,613,466
98,122,189
7,990,300
529,375,787
Bureau of Economic Analysis
• URL is:
▫ http://www.bea.gov
• Mission is to provide economic data on a
national, international, regional and industry
basis
• Local area data includes:
▫ Personal Income
▫ Compensation by Industry
▫ Employment
BEA Personal Income Summary (CA1-3)
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.0 – Personal Income
1.2 – Personal Income, percent change
2.0 – Population
3.0 – Per capita personal income
3.1 – Per capita personal income, percent of US
3.2 – Per capita personal income, percent
change
BEA Table CA04
Personal
Income &
Employment
Summary
Personal income ($000)
Nonfarm personal income 1/
Farm income 2/
Population (persons) 3/
Per capita personal income (dollars) 4/
Earnings by place of work
Less: Contributions for government social insurance 5/
Employee and self-employed contributions for
government social insurance
Employer contributions for government social
insurance
Plus: Adjustment for residence 6/
Equals: Net earnings by place of residence
Plus: Dividends, interest, and rent 7/
Plus: Personal current transfer receipts
Wage and salary disbursements
Supplements to wages and salaries
Employer contributions for employee pension and
insurance funds
Employer contributions for government social
insurance
Proprietors' income 8/
Farm proprietors' income
Nonfarm proprietors' income
Total employment
Wage and salary employment
Proprietors employment
2006
2007
1,118,360
1,119,290
(930)
43,215
25,879
815,536
91,372
1,175,416
1,174,376
1,040
43,958
26,740
866,041
96,403
49,391
52,248
41,981
(7,166)
716,998
206,847
194,515
570,676
173,057
44,155
(13,218)
756,420
211,106
207,890
609,137
181,789
131,076
137,634
41,981
71,803
(1,594)
73,397
26,148
22,044
4,104
44,155
75,115
365
74,750
26,687
22,158
4,529
BEA Table CA05
Personal
Income &
Detailed
Earnings
by Industry
Proprietors' income 6/
2006
2007
71,803
75,115
(895)
1,087
Nonfarm earnings
816,431
864,954
Private earnings
387,435
411,846
Farm earnings
Mining
Utilities
(D)
(D)
594
571
Construction
42,286
41,569
Manufacturing
78,663
81,291
Durable goods manufacturing
52,578
57,105
Nondurable goods manufacturing
26,085
24,186
Wholesale trade
12,759
14,539
Retail trade
52,092
53,004
Transportation and warehousing
5,204
6,586
Information
7,830
8,609
11,820
13,020
7,157
7,029
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
28,493
(D)
Management of companies and enterprises
13,206
(D)
Administrative and waste services
24,664
35,263
7,775
7,898
38,462
41,337
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
2,136
2,019
Accommodation and food services
31,737
30,273
Other services, except public administration
18,103
18,675
428,996
453,108
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Government and government enterprises
BEA Table CA25
Total
Employment
by Industry
Total employment
Wage and salary employment
Proprietors employment
Farm proprietors employment
Nonfarm proprietors employment 2/
Farm employment
Nonfarm employment
Private employment
Forestry, fishing, related activities, and other 3/
Mining
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Management of companies and enterprises
Administrative and waste services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Accommodation and food services
Other services, except public administration
Government and government enterprises
Federal, civilian
Military
State and local
State government
Local government
2006
26,148
22,044
4,104
432
3,672
498
25,650
15,537
(D)
(D)
26
947
1,647
369
2,293
194
271
385
618
993
207
1,430
516
1,479
303
2,614
1,083
10,113
305
268
9,540
(D)
(D)
2007
26,687
22,158
4,529
427
4,102
486
26,201
15,928
(D)
(D)
24
1,012
1,634
409
2,302
221
279
424
674
(D)
(D)
1,646
548
1,534
301
2,371
1,104
10,273
290
270
9,713
(D)
(D)
BEA Table CA34 – Total Wages, Wage
Employment, Avg Wage per Job
• Table 10 – Wage and salary disbursements
• Table 20 – Wage and salary employment
• Table 30 – Average wage per job
Wage and salary disbursements Mississippi
Oktibbeha County
2006
2007
37,823,504 39,523,059
570,676
609,137
Wage and salary employment
Mississippi
Oktibbeha County
1,231,291
22,044
1,242,841
22,158
Average wage per job 1/
Mississippi
Oktibbeha County
30,719
25,888
31,801
27,491
BEA Table CA35
Personal
Current
Transfers
Detail
Personal current transfer receipts ($000)
Current transfer receipts of individuals from governments
Retirement and disability insurance benefits
Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits
Railroad retirement and disability benefits
Workers' compensation
Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits 1/
Medical benefits
Income maintenance benefits
Supplemental security income (SSI) benefits
Family assistance 4/
Food stamps
Other income maintenance benefits 5/
Unemployment insurance compensation
State unemployment insurance compensation
Unemployment compensation for Fed. civilian employees (UCFE)
Unemployment compensation for railroad employees
Unemployment compensation for veterans (UCX)
Other unemployment compensation 6/
Veterans benefits
Veterans pension and disability benefits
Veterans readjustment benefits 7/
Veterans life insurance benefits
Other assistance to veterans 8/
Federal education and training assistance 9/
Other transfer receipts of individuals from governments 10/
Current transfer receipts of nonprofit institutions
Receipts from the Federal government
Receipts from state and local governments 11/
Receipts from businesses
Current transfer receipts of individuals from businesses 12/
2006
194,515
185,433
61,562
60,529
526
418
89
78,179
27,540
7,176
389
4,784
15,191
1,649
1,636
(L)
(L)
(L)
0
3,906
3,185
578
141
(L)
12,248
349
7,593
1,594
3,862
2,137
1,489
2007
207,890
197,447
66,900
65,796
549
458
97
82,837
29,338
7,654
408
5,136
16,140
1,767
1,758
(L)
0
(L)
0
4,113
3,362
608
141
(L)
12,320
172
7,872
1,603
4,183
2,086
2,571
BEA Table CA91 – Gross Commuters’
Earnings Flows
• Table 10 – Inflows of Earnings
• Table 20 – Outflows of Earnings
• Table 30 – Residence Adjustment
• Residence Adjustment shows the net inflow of
labor earnings. It is the difference between
earnings inflows and earnings outflows.
2006
99,422
2007
100,127
Outflows of earnings
106,588
113,345
Residence adjustment
(7,166)
(13,218)
Inflows of earnings
BEA BEARFACTS
http://www.bea.gov/regional/
bearfacts/countybf.cfm
Bureau of Labor Statistics
• BLS is the ultimate (final) reporting source for
labor related data
• Significant lags occur; more current data may be
obtained from your state’s Labor Market
Information center or Department of
Employment Security/Workforce Development
• The site is confusing and is not very userfriendly
Labor Market Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
Most states have this type of agency
Arkansas - http://www.discoverarkansas.net/
Iowa - http://www.iowaworkforce.org/lmi/
Kansas - http://www.dol.ks.gov/lmis/lmis.html
Mississippi - http://mdes.ms.gov/wps/portal#null
Missouri http://www.missourieconomy.org/occupations/realtime_lmi.stm
• New York - http://www.labor.state.ny.us/
• Oregon - http://www.qualityinfo.org/olmisj/OlmisZine
• Texas - http://www.tracer2.com/
Mississippi LMI has publications on:
• Annual Averages
▫ Labor Force
▫ Industry Employment
• Annual Manpower Reports
• Commuting Patterns
• Labor Market Data
▫
▫
▫
▫
Civilian Labor Force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment Rate
• Affirmative Action Reports
▫ Race/Gender
• Occupations in Demand
• Annual Labor Force
• Mississippi Business Population
▫ Business “Vital Statistics”
• Covered Employment/Wages
• Industry Employment
Projections
• Occupational Wages data
• Maps
▫ Labor Force
▫ Economic/Industry/
Demographic data
• State and Metro Trends
• Unemployment Insurance
Employment/Unemployment Data
• Data can be located at the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (http://www.bls.gov)
• However, this data usually experiences a
significant lag
• More current data is usually available from your
state Dept of Employment Security
State Employment Security/Labor
Departments
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Arkansas - http://www.arkansas.gov/labor/
Iowa - http://www.iowaworkforce.org/
Kansas - http://www.dol.ks.gov/index.html
Mississippi - http://mdes.ms.gov/wps/portal#null
Missouri - http://www.dolir.missouri.gov/index.asp
New York - http://www.labor.state.ny.us/
Oregon http://www.oregon.gov/EMPLOY/index.shtml
• Texas - http://www.twc.state.tx.us/
USDA Economic Research Service
• Main URL is:
▫ http://ers.usda.gov
• Rural data sets are located at:
▫ http://ers.usda.gov/Catalog/CatalogByTopicID.as
p?PDT=1&ARC=C&SON=TRUE&SBY=TITLE&TI
D=500
• Economic and social research agency of USDA
• Provides a number of specialized data sets
• Time series data often has a significant lag
Natural Amenities Scale
• http://ers.usda.gov/Data/NaturalAmenities/
• Measures the physical characteristics of a county
• Utilizes measures of climate, typography and
water area
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
Warm winter
Winter sun
Temperate summer
Low summer humidity
Topographic variation
Water area
• Ranked in terms of deviations from the mean
ERS Amenities Scale
7 – High Amenities
6
5
4
3
2
1 – Low Amenities
ERS County Typology and Rural-Urban
Continuum Codes
• Data: http://ers.usda.gov/Data/TypologyCodes/
• Explanation:
http://ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rurality/Typology/
• Designed to provide information about county
economic and social conditions
• Typology codes are developed for 3,141 counties,
county equivalents and independent cities
• Demonstrates differences in metro and nonmetro
counties to facilitate comparisons
• Divides counties, etc., into 12 categories
ERS County Typology Codes
Rural-Urban Continuum Codes
• Data: http://ers.usda.gov/Data/TypologyCodes/
• Definition:
http://ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rurality/RuralUrbCon/
• Classifies metro counties by population size
• Clisifies nonmetro counties by:
▫ Degree of urbanization
▫ Adjacency to a metro area or areas
• Counties are divided into 9 categories
Rural-Urban Continuum Codes
ERS Creative Class Codes
• Data:
http://ers.usda.gov/Data/CreativeClassCodes/
• Documentation:
http://ers.usda.gov/Data/CreativeClassCodes/
methods.htm
• Based on Richard Florida’s work
• Operates on the thesis that knowledge and idea
workers can contribute significantly to econ dev
• ERS analysis eliminates some low-creativity
occupations
ERS Creative Class
Metro County
Nonmetro County
Converting Data to Information
Community Economic Analysis
• Shift-share Analysis
• Threshold Analysis/Location Quotients
• Population-Employment Ratio
• Trade Area Capture (Potential Sales)
• Pull Factor
Shift-Share Analysis
• Demonstrates the market-perceived efficiency of
firms and the competitive advantage that an
industry has in a particular sector
• Divided into three components
▫ National Growth Component
▫ Industrial Mix Component
▫ Competitive Share
• Data needed:
▫ Total employment for comparison years (national)
▫ Sector employment for comparison years (area and
national)
Shift-Share Analysis
• National Growth Component
▫ Demonstrates the potential change in local
employment from national conditions
• Industrial Mix Component
▫ Demonstrates the competitiveness of the sector as
compared to the national economy
Shift-Share Analysis
• Competitive Share
▫ Demonstrates the competitiveness of the local
area in a particular sector
▫ If the Competitive Share is positive, it suggests
that the local area has a competitive advantage in
the industry
▫ If the Competitive Share is negative, it suggests
that the local area has a disadvantage when
competing for that particular sector
Oktibbeha County Shift-Share
Sector
Professional and Business
Services
Education and Health
Services
Trade, Transportation, and
Utilities
Information
Financial Activities
National Growth
Component, Jobs
Competitive
Share Component,
Jobs
Industrial Mix
Component, Jobs
44
31
699
110
319
217
92
-57
101
5
18
-24
14
57
-19
Public Administration
33
6
-20
Natural Resources and
Mining
3
2
-22
81
12
19
94
511
182
8
40
-539
-18
-51
-68
-90
-189
615
Leisure and Hospitality
Other Services
Construction
Manufacturing
Threshold Analysis or
Location Quotients
• Threshold analysis indicates the average population
it takes to support a retail or service business
• Typically compares an area with its state or the
nation
• Utilizes the dictates of the market to make a
judgment, but cannot predict business success or
failure
• Data needed:
▫ Number of sector businesses (local and state/national)
▫ Population (local and state/national)
Location Quotients
Oktibbeha County, MS
Total
New Single-Family Housing Construction
Retail Trade
Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers
Automobile Dealers
Boat Dealers
Furniture Stores
Electronics and Appliance Stores
Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores
Food and Beverage Stores
Grocery Stores
Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores
Pharmacies and Drug Stores
Men's Clothing Stores
Women's Clothing Stores
Family Clothing Stores
Tobacco Stores
Newspaper Publishers
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing
Real Estate
Lessors of Real Estate
Exterminating and Pest Control Services
Offices of Physicians
Religious Organizations
Oktibbeha
Establishments
824
7
166
20
7
1
7
4
4
14
9
5
4
2
6
4
1
1
48
39
23
1
14
33
Mississippi
Establishments
60,590
434
12,248
1,686
637
49
322
401
269
1,277
851
287
623
93
355
316
119
105
2,411
1,717
857
172
1,623
2,574
Location
Quotient
1.10
0.92
1.10
1.26
1.36
0.73
0.69
1.50
1.00
1.36
1.41
0.86
2.32
0.69
0.88
1.18
1.78
1.57
0.75
0.66
0.56
2.57
1.73
1.16
Population-Employment Ratio
• Measures the number of people in the local
market per job in a particular trade or service.
Also shows competitive advantage of other
industries
• Data needed:
▫ Area population
▫ Area employees for specific sector
• Formula
Trade Area Capture (Potential Sales)
• Tells how many customers are drawn to a
particular community to shop for a certain type
of product at any given time
• Compare to community population (Pull Factor)
and across time
• Data Needed:
▫ Retail sales data (community and state)
▫ Per Capita Income (community and state)
Pull Factor
• Determines the proportion of customers a
community pulls from outside its boundaries
• Compare across communities and over time
• The higher the pull factor, the larger the
community’s customer base
• Data needed:
▫ Trade Area Capture Estimate
▫ Community Population
Tips for Reporting Information
Software
• You basically need five types of software
▫ Spreadsheet (Excel)
▫ Database (Access – used very sparingly with the
features contained in Excel 2007)
▫ Presentation/Graphics (PowerPoint)
▫ Word Processor (Word)
▫ Mapping/Psuedo-GIS (MapViewer: $249 at
http://www.goldensoftware.com/products/mapvi
ewer/mapviewer.shtml )
Reporting Tips
• Different types of graphs are commonly used to
report different types of data
▫ Line Graphs – used to report data across time
(population from 1969-2009)
▫ Bar Graphs – used to report cross-sectional data
that does not have a temporal element (2000
population by age group)
▫ Pie Chart – used to show the proportion of a data
category in relation to the whole (the 45-54 age
group as a proportion of the entire population)
Line Graph
Oktibbeha County Population
Bar Graph
Oktibbeha County White vs. Black Pop
Stacked Bar Graph
Oktibbeha County – Age by Race
Pie Chart
Oktibbeha County – White Race by Age
Stacked Bar Graph
Oktibbeha County – Race by Age
Earnings per Worker
Is this data or information?