Alexandre Latchininsky
Assistant Professor/Extension Entomologist
Dept. of Renewable Resources
Weed & Pest Conference
Casper, November 9, 2006
Rangeland grasshopper management
• RAATs became a
USDA-APHIS
treatment option
under the 2002 EIS.
• In 2000-2006,
RAATs approach
was used in 10
western states.
ATV-RAATs:
North Dakota Experience 2004
• Dimilin cost was $ 179.70 per gallon
One gallon treats 256 RAATS acres:
70 cents/RAATs acre
• Sevin XLR Plus was $ 29.11 per gallon.
One gallon treats 17 RAATs acres:
$1.71 /RAATs acre
Refining RAATs: New Products?
Pyriproxyfen (Knack®) Grasshopper Efficacy Trials 2006
Pyriproxyfen is an Insect Growth Regulator - juvenile hormone mimic
% Corrected Mortality in 2006 Trials
Date
Plot – Treatment
5June06 14June06 21June06
1d pre
8d post
15d post
28July06 5July06
22d post 28d post
Avg. of UTC plots
density per sq. m
16.6
17.1
15.8
14.8
11.1
ULV Pyriproxyfen
NA
10.9%
-5.4%
-12.5%
-20.7%
Knack SW
NA
14.9%
10.2%
13.9%
-5.2%
Knack SE
NA
22.5%
52.4%
38.3%
-7.3%
Dimilin NE
NA
77.2%
95.4%
90.1%
97.8%
CONCLUSIONS
• Grasshopper densities were not reduced below the
economic threshold in any plot treated with pyriproxyfen,
either the Knack® or ULV pyriproxyfen formulation.
• At the 21 and 28 d sampling period some treated
grasshoppers exhibited both juvenile and adult
characteristics (“sublethal effect”).
• This suggests that 30 g of active ingredient per acre rate
may be too low to be effective on rangeland grasshoppers.
Grasshopper Biological Control
Pathogens: Weapons of the future?
Beauveria bassiana
•
•
•
•
•
A fungal pathogen naturally occurring in soil
Acts by contact and causes disease “White muscardine” and
eventually death of grasshoppers
Strain GHA isolated from Montana grasshoppers
Mass production and commercialization by EmeraldBio (USA)
sold in 2005 to Laverlam S.A. (Columbia)
Liquid formulation of spores in oil – Mycotrol O®
Beauveria bassiana
Mycotrol® O
PROS:
Liquid formulation of spores in oil
>70% control in 14 days (lab)
Safety (humans and wildlife)
Controls other pests
CONS:
Reliability (condition dependent;
needs moisture)
Inconsistent efficacy (good infection
rate but not sufficient kill)
Cost (>$20 per acre)
Irrigated pastures in Fremont Co., WY
Pre-treatment densities: 23-44 gh/square m
Camnula pellucida
ATV plot size 20 ac
50% coverage
Date 23 June 2004
% GRASSHOPPER MORTALITY,
EMULSIFIED SOYBEAN OIL ADJUVANT
100
80
60
40
20
0
June 23 '04 June 30 '04 July 07 '04 July 14 '04
2
4
6
®
O
Mycotrol
treatment:
How much does it cost?
Mycotrol price: $100/gal => dose rate
$25/ac
1qt/ac =>
Oil carrier price: $20/gal => dose rate
$2.50/ac
½ qt/ac =>
Total cost of the product: $27.50/ac
+ cost of treatment…
Conclusions
• Beauveria has high infection rate, provoking
mycoses in grasshoppers
• However, grasshopper mortality is less than
optimal
• Applied at recommended rates, Beauveria
treatment is very costly
• Such “organic” treatment might represent an
alternative to synthetic insecticides in
certain situations (e.g., ecologically
sensitive areas)
Acknowledgments
Funding:
EPA/IR-4 grant
Fremont County Weed and Pest Council
Special thanks:
Luke Oestman (UW)
Lars Baker and Nancy Webber (Fremont
Co. W&P)
Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum
Green Muscle®
• Very high specificity against grasshoppers
• Commercially produced by CABI (U.K.)
• Awaiting EPA permit to use the South African isolate for
field trials in collaboration with USDA-ARS (most probably,
in 2008)
Recent Grasshopper Publications
Wyoming Grasshopper Field Guide
Western Pest Grasshopper Poster
Available free of charge from UW-CES Bulletin Office
Dee Bixby 766-2115 bixbyd@uwyo.edu
National Exhibition of Land Grant Universities at Capitol Hill, 2005
Other rangeland pests
Black Grass Bugs
Conclusions from MSU study:
BGB damage reduced percent crude protein and increased
ADF and NDF; related to forage protein, digestibility and
ruminant intake, respectively.
Grazing management reduced black grass bug densities.
Black Grass Bug abundances were clearly lowest in the most
heavily-grazing plots. Because the sites had been grazed in
the same manner since 1993, this suggests that there were
carry-over effects from grazing between years.
Labops hesperius
IPM Strategy for Sustainable Black
Grass Bug Management in Wyoming
Grasslands Enrolled in Conservation
Reserve Program – proposal submitted
to UW AES Competitive Grants Program
Mosquito research
Utilizing Stable Isotopes in Determining
the Larval Development Sites of Adult
Mosquitoes
Project by
Travis Gilchriest,
M.S. Candidate
The Question
• Where are adults emerging in relation to
trap location?
– Are they derived primarily from nearby
habitats or are they migrants?
– What distances will adults fly from larval
development sites?
Objectives
• Demonstrate the viability of stable isotope
analysis as a tool in mosquito population
studies
• Investigate distribution dynamics of
mosquito populations
• Help to shape mosquito control measures
for the most effective use of resources
Study Area
• Torrington – Goshen Co., WY
– High population of mosquitoes
– Species: Culex tarsalis, Aedes vexans
– Agricultural community
– Multiple sources of water for larval habitat
– Control resources are limited
Approach
• Mark-recapture to determine adult
distribution patterns
• Label a habitat with 15N marker
• Concentric adult trapping around labeled
habitat
• Analyze adults for presence of the marker
Preliminary Results of the 2005-2006
Studies
Specimen Collection and
Preparation
• Larvae were collected from habitats with
standard dippers
• Reared in original habitat water to adults in
emergence chambers
• Ten adults were collect from the emergence
chambers for each site
• Adults were killed by freezing and oven dried at
40°C
• Samples were submitted for 13C and 15N
analysis in a Continuous Flow-IRMS
Alfalfa field
Trash cans
Mosquito Habitats
Pioneer Park
Holly Sugar pond
Habitat Comparisons
(Culex tarsalis)
15
14
13
12
11
δ15 N
Alfalfa
Trash Can
Pioneer Park
10
Holly Pond
9
8
7
6
-27
-26
-25
-24
-23
-22
13
δ
C
-21
-20
-19
-18
Torrington Habitat Stats
•
•
δ13C and δ15N isotopic means
(based on ANOVA) for various
habitats in the Torrington, WY
area. Post Hoc analysis with
Dunnett C.
Using a Kruskal-Wallis analysis of
variance due to failure of
homogeneity of variances
requirements preventing a oneway ANOVA
• For corrected δ13C, p<0.05
• For corrected δ15N, p<0.05
Habitat
δ13C
δ15N
Alfalfa
-19.90 A
13.13 A
Trash Can
-21.63 B
8.37 B
Pioneer Park
-24.78 C
10.65 C
Holly Pond 1
-22.98 D
14.23 A
Forest pests
Mountain Pine Beetle Project in Medicine Bow National Forest
Diana Dean, M.S. Candidate
Attack Frequency
1000
39
800
600
400
833
114
202
200
0
Lodgepole
Limber
PineSpecies
Unattacked
Attacked
 Lodgepole attack ratio
 Limber attack ratio
1: 20
1:1.8
MPB Flight 2004 and 2005
3000
Totals per Date
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
Date
2004 Traps
2005 Traps
2004: Adult MPB started to fly as early as in mid-May with a peak in early August
2005: Low MPB numbers compared to 2004, with a peak in late August
O
O
O
S
S
A
A
J
J
J
J
M
M
0
CAPS Program
ECB was the only target pest found in CAPS traps in 2005
UW Arthropod ID Clinic
Objective: Provide accurate and timely
arthropod identification to clientele
Samples processed:
2003
2004
2005
60
135
221
Contact: Scott Schell,
Assistant Extension Entomologist
766-2508 or sschell@uwyo.edu
Request arthropod ID through your County Extension Educators
Horticultural pests
Cabbage moth caterpillar
Thrips damage
Cabbage white butterfly
Colorado potato beetle
Available on the web and
from UW-CES Bulletin Office
Dee Bixby 766-2115
bixbyd@uwyo.edu
In Preparation:
Field Guide to Common Wyoming Butterflies and Moths
The Guide will include pictures of adult butterflies and caterpillars, and
information on larval food plants, as well as advices on attracting
butterflies to gardens.
Educational
Activities
UW Entomology Short Course 2006
UW Entomology Short Course 2006
UW Entomology Short Course 2006
UW Entomology Short Course 2006
Whitney Cranshaw, CSU
Come catch the Entomology
Short Course, 2007
What will be covered? General Entomology, Insect Identification,
Arachnids, Biological Control, Mosquitoes, and more.
When is it? The class will be held on February 6th, 7th, and 8th (T,W,TR),
2007. We will begin at 1 PM on the first day, go from 8 to 5 the second day and
release you at noon on the third day.
Where is it? College of Agriculture Building, University of Wyoming,
Laramie, WY.
Who teaches it? Dr. Alex Latchininsky & Scott Schell, UW-CES Extension
Entomologists. Plus guest lectures by other experts in their fields.
You will get two books, a course packet, and 2 hours of college credit for as
little as a $75, if we can get a minimum of 10 students to attend.
Grasshopper Management Workshop?
GRASSHOPPER MANAGEMENT
IN WYOMING
Train-the-Trainers Workshop presented by
Alexandre Latchininsky and Scott Schell,
UW Extension Entomologists
Sponsored by: USDA-APHIS-PPQ
Flasher, North Dakota Grasshopper Workshop
Tentative Agenda Nov. 30, 2006
Introduction: The 3-Phase Approach to Grasshopper IPM
11:00-11:40
Reduced Agent-Area Treatments: Do More with Less
11:40-12:05
LUNCH BREAK 12:05-1:00
Liquids: Old (and New) Reliables and Their Non-target Effects
1:00-1:30
ATV-RAATs: Control for Grasshoppers You Control
1:30-2:00
Grazing Management: More Grass, Fewer Grasshoppers
2:00-2:10
New-and-Improved CARMA: Is It Worth Treating?
2:10-2:20
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Who's Who Among Grasshoppers
2:20-3:00
USDA APHIS PPQ: Organizing a Cooperative Spray Block
3:00-3:15
Evaluation of Workshop: What We Did Right/Wrong
3:15-3:20
Wyo
W&P
Thank You for Your Attention!