Acid Base Review
Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity in water
Acids, Bases, and Salts (Ionic substances) are electrolytes
Acid Base Indicators change color over certain pH ranges
Litmus is red in an acid and blue in a base
Phenolphthalein is clear in an acid and pink in a base
Know how to use table M
Table K and L will give you name of common acids and bases.
H+ is the same as H3O+ (hydronium ion) OH- is the hydroxide ion
Arrhenius acids release H+ as the only positive ion in water
Arrhenius bases release OH- as the only negative ion in water
Alcohols (CH3OH etc.) are not bases because they are not ionic
Bronsted Lowry (alternative theory) acids are proton (H+) donors
Bronsted Lowry (alternative theory) bases are proton (H+) acceptors
Neutralization reactions are double replacement reactions
An acid and a base always make a salt and water (ex. NaCl + HCl ↔NaCl + H2O)
pH numbers represent the negative power of the H+ concentration
pH less than 7 is acidic 7 is neutral above 7 is basic
ex. [H+] = 1 X 10-7 = ph 7
An acid has more H+ than OH- A base has more OH- than H+
A neutral substance has equal H+ and OHEach pH number is a difference of 10X H+ concentration
(Ex. pH of 3 has 100X more H+ than pH 5)
Titration is the addition of a quantity of a known acid or base to find the concentration of
an unknown acid or base
Titration formula is Ma X Va = Mb X Vb
To calculate quantity of acid or base used in a tritation subtract final volume from initial
volume.