Piano= Soft
Forte=Loud
Mezzopiano =
Medium Soft
Mezzoforte =
Medium Loud
Crescendo (cresc.)
Means to get louder
Pianissimo= Very Soft
Fortissimo= Very Loud
Diminuendo (dim)
means to get softer
Grave = Extremely Slow
Accelerando means to get faster
Largo = Very Slow
Adagio = Slow
Ritardando means to get slower
Moderato = Moderate Speed
Andante = Walking Speed
Allegro = Fast and joyful
Vivo / Vivace = Very Fast
= Four beats in
= Two beats in
= one beat in
= half a beat in
= Three beats in
=
The “dot of prolongation adds half of the note value
to the primary note
Counted
One-e-and-a
Counted
One-e-a
Counted
One-and-a
Counted
One-a
Counted
One-e-and
Counted
One-e
Triplet = 3 notes in one beat in
Quintuplet = 5 notes in one beat in
Septuplet = 7 notes in one beat in
Quarter rest = 1 beat
Eighth rest = ½ beat
Half rest = 2 beats
16 rest = ¼ beat
Whole rest = 4 beats
Multiple measure rest (15)
The Entertainer – Ragtime music features many accented offbeats.
4 beats per measure
a quarter note gets
one beat
Common time = 4/4
Three beats per measure
a quarter notes gets a beat
A Waltz is in ¾ time
Five beats per measure
a quarter note gets a beat
Cut time means there
are two beats per
measure and a half
note gets a beat
Marches are often in
cut time
6 beats per measure
an eighth note
gets a beat
Coda – an added ending on a piece of music
Segno, or Italian for sign
Repeat sign
Accent – emphasize this note
D.S. – Dal Segno = back to the sign
D.C. – Da Capo = back to the beginning
Fermata – hold this note until the conductor cuts you off
Caesura – a complete stop in a piece of music
Treble Clef (G Clef) tells you where the note
G is.
Bass Clef (F Clef) tells you where the note F is.
A natural means to play the
Regular note, it gets rid of
A sharp or a flat
Staccato notes are played short and
detatched
Ex.
A sharp raises a note a
half step
Ex.
A flat lowers a note a
half step
Tutti – everyone plays
Unison – many instruments playing
the same notes
Enharmonic – two different names
for the same note
Ledger lines – notes played outside
the staff
Chromatic Scale – a scale with all half steps
Ritardando – slowing down
Simile – play the notes the same as before
Interval – the distance between two
notes
Sforzando – a type of harsh accent
Half step – the distance from a note to
it’s “sharp” (Ex. C to C#).
Scale – an ascending series of seven notes
in the pattern WWHWWWH
Whole step – two half steps
Divisi – divided parts.
Ostinato – a repeated musical passage
Arpeggio – notes of a chord played seperately.
Db = ?
A# = ?
G# = ?
Gb = ?
Bb = ?
F# = ?
Key of _____
Key of _____
Key of _____
Key of _____
Key of _____
Key of _____
1. Once a note is flat or sharp in a measure it stays flat or sharp.
2. A natural will cancel out a previous flat or sharp in a measure.
3. The bar line cancels out any sharps or flats from the previous measure.
What is the name of the last note?
What is the name of the last note?
What is the name of the last note?