Skeletal, Muscular and Immune
Systems Review
The process in which provides the
movement of the body or body parts
from 1 place to another is know as
Locomotion
_________________.
Describe some functions of the
skeletal system.
Movement
Protects organs and tissues
Produces blood cells
Gives body shape and support
Stores calcium and phosphorus
Identify the two types of bone marrow and
the function of each type.
• Yellow marrow and red marrow.
• Yellow marrow is made up of fat cells and
red marrow produces blood cells.
Identify the type of muscle observed in each picture.
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth
muscle
Identify the muscle type described.
1. Attached to bones. Skeletal
2. Involuntary and striated. Cardiac
3. Lines the digestive tract and blood vessels.
Smooth
4. Voluntary. Skeletal
5. Only found in the heart. Cardiac
6. Not striated and involuntary. Smooth
7. Branched fibers. Cardiac
Identify each structure in the diagram and describe its
function. .
A – Skeletal muscle
•Attach to bone to aid
in movement
B - Ligament
•Connect bone to bone
C - Tendon
•Connect muscle to bone
The tissue that cushions the
vertebrae and provides
flexibility to joints is known as
cartilage
_______.
Which statement describes ligaments?
1. They are made of cartilage and cushion the
vertebrae.
2. They are made of tough, elastic tissue and
join bones.
3. They are made of tough, inelastic tissue and
connect muscles.
4. They are striped and controlled by the
nervous system.
Which of the following actions
requires the muscular and skeletal
systems to work together?
1. breaking down food into usable
pieces
2. division of cells
3. eliminating waste
4. running from a predator
What is a function of bones?
1. It serves as a site for the synthesis of
hormones.
2. It supports and protects body structures.
3. It contracts to aid in locomotion.
4. It provides vitamins during periods of
physical stress.
1. Identify the labeled structures
in the diagram.
2. Identify the bones that protect
the spinal cord.
D
vertebrae
vertebrae
3. Identify the bones that protect
the brain.
cranium
4. Identify the bones that protect
the heart and lungs.
rib cage
5. Where is cartilage found?
In rib cage, tip of nose, ears, between
bones (joints), between vertebrae
A
cranium
rib cage
B
C
humerus
E
pelvis
F
femur
Locomotion Review
1. Thick, smooth layer of tissue that covers the ends of
bones. CARTILAGE
TENDONS
2. Thick bands of tissue that attach muscles to bones.
3. Any place where two bones meet. JOINTS
4. Tough bands of tissue that hold bones together.
LIGAMENTS
5. A tissue that relaxes and contracts. MUSCLE
6. Involuntary muscles in the digestive system. SMOOTH
7. Part of the bone that produces blood cells. BONE MARROW
8. Involuntary muscle found only in the heart. CARDIAC
9. Gland that regulates calcium metabolism. PARATHYROID
10. Gives the body shape. SKELETON
11. Bones that protect the spinal cord. VERTEBRAE
12. Part of the bone that stores fat. YELLOW MARROW
13. Also known as voluntary muscles. SKELETAL
14. The gland that stimulates the elongation of bones.PITUIARY
15. One of the minerals that keep bones strong. CALCIUM
16. Bones that protect the brain. CRANIUM
17. Bones that protect the lungs. RIB CAGE
18. One of the strongest bones in the body. Also known as the
thigh bone. FEMUR
19. Bones that make up your fingers and toes. PHALANGES
20. Type of tissue that makes up your bones, muscles, ligaments
and tendons. CONNECTIVE
1. Why is passive immunity short term?
You are not making antibodies. You receive them.
2. Why is active immunity long term?
You produce your own antibodies.
3. Identify the two ways you can get active immunity
to a disease.
Getting the disease.
Getting a vaccine.
7. Contrast infectious and noninfectious diseases.
Infectious diseases can be transmitted. Noninfectious diseases cannot be.
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens. Noninfectious diseases are not caused by pathogens.
Explain how wbc’s can protect the
body against disease.
Wbc’s produce antibodies when a
pathogen (antigen) enter the body.
Give an example of a process that
brings about active immunity.
Person can come into contact with
the pathogen (get sick).
A person can get a vaccine.
What substances are formed by
the human body in response to
foreign proteins entering the
body?
Antibodies
An individual who has had
chicken pox rarely gets this
disease again. What type of
immunity is represented?
Active Immunity
Identify the contents of a
vaccine.
Dead or weak PATHOGEN
How does a measles vaccine protect
a child entering school against the
measles?
Vaccine is injected.
The body produces antibodies (and
memory cells).
Antibodies attach to antigens on the
pathogen to help kill the pathogen.
Which type of immunity is when your
body makes the antibodies after
recovering from a disease or getting a
vaccination?
Passive Immunity
The immune system of humans may
respond to chemicals on the surface of
an invading organism.
What are these chemicals on the surface
called? Explain what will happen once
these chemicals enter the body.
Antigens
The body will produce anibodies and
memory cells.
Which substances may form in the
human body due to invaders
entering the blood?
Antibodies (and memory cells)
Part of the body’s first line of defense
against disease-causing organisms
is
a. the immune system
b. the skin
c. antibodies
d. interferon
Which substances may form in the
human body due to invaders entering
the blood?
a. nutrients
b. vaccines
c. antibodies
d. red blood cells
Molecules that are foreign to your body
are called
a. antibodies
b. white blood cells
c. antigens
d. histamines
Which statement regarding antibodies
is correct?
a. Antibodies engulf the pathogen.
b. Antibodies are found on the surface
of pathogens.
c. Antibodies attach to antigens that are
on the surface of pathogens.
d. Receiving antibodies provides active
immunity.
Once you have had the chicken pox, it is
unlikely that you will ever get the
disease again because your body has
developed a(n)
a. passive immunity.
b. addiction.
c. active immunity.
d. antibiotic.
Immunity that occurs when a body
receives antibodies is called
_________immunity.
a. Passive
b. Temporary
c. Shortened
d. Active
An injection of a weakened virus that
allows one to develop immunity
against a disease is called a
a. antibody
b. vaccine
c. epidemic
d. pathogen
Which statement best describes what happens when
someone receives a vaccination?
1. The ability to fight disease will increase due to
antibodies received from the pathogen.
2. The ability to fight disease caused by the
pathogen will increase due to antibody
production.
3. The ability to produce antibodies will decrease
after the vaccination.
4. The ability to resist most types of diseases will
increase.
Which part of the human blood transports
hormones, nutrients and antibodies?
1. plasma
2. platelets
3. red blood cells
4. white blood cells
Which activity is not a function of white blood cells
in response to a pathogen?
1. engulfing these bacteria
2. producing antibodies to act against this type of
bacteria
3. preparing for future invasions of this type of
bacteria
4. speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to
detect these bacteria
The immune system of humans may respond to
chemicals on the surface of a pathogen by
1. releasing hormones that break down these
chemicals
2. synthesizing antibodies that mark these organisms
to be destroyed
3. secreting antibiotics that attach to these
organisms
4. altering a DNA sequence in these organisms
Vaccinations help prepare the body to fight
invasions of a specific pathogen by
1. inhibiting antigen production
2. stimulating antibody production
3. inhibiting white blood cell production
4. stimulating red blood cell production
Which statement best describes an immune
response?
1. It always produces antibiotics.
2. It usually involves the recognition and
destruction of pathogens.
3. It stimulates asexual reproduction and
resistance in pathogens.
4. It releases red blood cells that destroy
parasites.
Which phrase does not describe a way the
human body responds to fight disease?
(1) destruction of infectious agents by white
blood cells
(2) production of antibodies by white blood
cells
(3) increased production of white blood cells
(4) production of pathogens by white blood
cells
A
Refer to the diagram below which
represents a pathogen. Answer
questions 1 - 4 on the loose-leaf
below.
1. Identify structure A.
ANTIGENS
2. Identify the substance
produced that will bind to
structure A.
ANTIBODIES WILL ATTACH TO
STRUCTURE A.
A
3. Describe the body’s reaction when this
pathogen enters the body in the space below.
Be sure to use the following terms in your
answer: pathogen, antigen, antibodies,
shape.
When a pathogen enters the body, antibodies
will be produced.
Antibodies attach to the antigens to help
destroy the pathogen.
The shape of the antibody and antigen must
match perfectly.
A
4. Identify the type of immunity that would
be the end result of this pathogen entering
the body and how it can be acquired.
Active immunity
Acquire active immunity by:
- Getting the disease
- Getting a vaccine