Topic: Classification
Aim: Describe characteristics of each of the six
kingdoms.
Do Now:
1.Take out your Kingdoms Recall Notes
2.Take out the Bacteria ISA.
3. Identify the TAXON that contains organisms that
are VERY SIMILAR. How similar are they???
HW: Kingdoms Review Entry Card
Castle Learning Microscope Review – Due
Tuesday, January 5th.
Identify the 7 levels of
classification.
Describe
what occurs
to the
number of
organisms
in each level
as you
move down
the levels.
Describe
what occurs
to the
similarity
between
organisms
in each level
as you
move down
the levels.
Before Linnaeus developed his naming system, plants and
animals were named by a series of Latin words that
described the physical appearance of the organism. This
was very confusing. For example, let’s look at the first
name of the honey bee.
Apis pubescens, thorace
subgriseo, abdomine fusco,
pedibus posticis glabris utrinque
margine ciliatus.
This means “fuzzy bee, light
gray middle, brown body, smooth
hind legs that have a small bag
edged with tiny hairs.” Linnaeus
named it Apis mellifera which
means “honey-bearing bee.”
Is their a taxon that is
LARGER
than a
KINGDOM????
Domain Bacteria is
familiar to most
people when
associated with
human or animal
disease. However,
there are many
bacterial species do
not (and cannot)
cause disease. Many
species even play
beneficial roles by
producing antibiotics
and food. The soil
teems with free-living
bacteria that perform
many essential
functions in the
biosphere, e.g.
nitrogen fixation.
Domain Eukaryota
include protists and
the cells that make
up fungi, plants,
animals.
Domain Archaea wasn't
recognized as a major
domain of life until quite
recently. Scientists were
studying different
prokaryotes and found
that there were 2 different
groups: those that lived at
high temperatures or
produced methane
clustered together as a
group. Because of their
difference in genetic
makeup, scientists
proposed that life be
divided into 3 domains.
• Unicellular
Archea
• Prokaryotic
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic
• Found in extreme environments
– oxygen-free
– hot acidic waters of sulfur springs
– bodies of concentrated salt water
Hot Springs
Hydrothermal vents
The hot springs of
Yellowstone National
Park, USA, were
among the first places
Archaebacteria were
discovered.
• Unicellular
Eubacteria
• Prokaryotic
• Autotrophic or
heterotrophic
Yogurt contains lactobacteria,
intestine-friendly bacterial
cultures that foster a healthy
colon, and even lower the risk of
colon cancer. Lactobacteria,
especially acidophilus, promotes
the growth of healthy bacteria in
the colon. The more of these
intestine-friendly bacteria that
are present in your colon, the
lower the chance of colon
diseases. Basically, the friendly
bacteria in yogurt seems to
deactivate harmful substances
before they can become
carcinogenic.
• Found everywhere
– most are helpful (produce vitamins)
– some cause disease (Ex: Strep throat)
Streptococci pyogenes
Salmonella enteriditis
Strep throat
Salmonella
poisoning
Fun Fact: There are more bacteria in one
person's mouth than there are people in
the world.
Protists
• Unicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Animal-like  heterotrophic
– Protozoa
Ex: Amoeba, paramecium
• Plant-like  autotrophic
–Algae
Fungi
Fungi • Multicellular
• Unicellular  yeast
• Eukaryotic cells
• Heterotrophic
– Decomposers  absorb
nutrients of dead
organisms
• Mushrooms
•Mold
• Multicellular
Plants • Eukaryotic cells
• Autotrophic
• Ex: Trees, grasses…
•
Multicellular
Animals
• Eukaryotic cells
• Heterotrophic
• Examples: Humans,
jellyfish, insects, dogs,
fish…
Let’s summarize…
1. Identify the six kingdoms.
Archaea, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants,
Animals
1. Identify the kingdom described:
a. Unicellular and eukaryotic Protists
b. Multicellular and autotrophic Plants
c. Unicellular, prokaryotic and live in
extreme environments Archaea
Fungi and
d. Multicellular and heterotrophic Animals
e. Unicellular, prokaryotic, and are very
common Eubacteria
3. Identify the protists that are
autotrophic. Algae
4. Why are fungi called decomposers?
They absorb nutrients of dead organisms.
5. What are heterotrophic protists called?
Protozoa
6. Identify two heterotrophic protists.
Ameba and Paramecia
Identify the kingdom that is made up of
unicellular organisms with no nucleus
and can be found in hydrothermal
vents.
(1.) Eubacteria
(2.) Fungi
(3.) Archaebacteria
(4.) Protists
A scientist recently discovered a pond
organism that is unicellular, contains
chloroplasts and other membrane-bound
organelles, and possesses a flagellum. In
which kingdom is this organism
classified?
(1.) Eubacteria
(2.) Fungi
(3.) Protists
(4.) Plant
Mushrooms and molds belong to the
kingdom
(1.) Fungi
(2.) Plants
(3.) Protists
(4.) Animals
An organism that is unicellular,
contains a nucleus and is
autotrophic is classified as a
(1.) Plant
(2.) Protist
(3.) Algae
(4.) Fungi
Multicellular organisms that absorb
digested nutrients from the
environment is classified as
(1.) animals
(2.) fungi
(3.) protists
(4.) paramecia
Identify the kingdom consisting of
multicellular and autotrophic
organisms.
(1.) Animals
(2.) Fungi
(3.) Protists
(4.) Plant
Identify the kingdom that is made up of
unicellular prokaryotic organisms
that are very common,
(1.) Eubacteria
(2.) Fungi
(3.) Archaebacteria
(4.) Protists
Heterotrophic protists are
known as
(1.) algae
(2.) bacteria
(3.) protozoa
(4.) yeast
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Ribosomes
Determine the length of each cell in um.
1000um
Length of cell:
600um
500um
Diameter = 2000um
Determine the length of each cell in um.
6 cells
1000/6
= 100.7um
Diameter = 1000um
The diagram
represents a cell
being viewed with the
low power objective.
1. Describe the field of view under low power
compared to high power.
It has a larger field of view
2. Identify the structure used to focus the image.
coarse adjustment
3. In which direction should the slide be moved on
the microscope stage to center the cell in the field of
view?
towards C
A student sees the image to the left
when observing the letter "f" with
the low-power objective lens of a
microscope. Which diagram below
most closely resembles the image
the student will see after
switching to high power?
The second part of an organism’s
scientific name is its
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.) genus
(4.) species
The branch of biology that is used for
classifying and naming organisms is
known as
(1.) cytology
(2.) taxonomy
(3.) physiology
(4.) genetics
The system used to name organisms is
called
(1.) classification
(2.) dichotomous keys
(3.) binomial nomenclature
(4.) punnett squares
The name of the person who created
binomial nomenclature is
(1.) Carl Linnaeus
(2.) Robert Hooke
(3.) Robert Virchow
(4.) Anton Van Leewenhoek
The scientific name for a lion is
Panthera Leo. The word Panthera
tells us the lion’s
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.) genus
(4.) species
Members of a population of gray
squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, are
classified in the same species because
they
(1.) obtain their food in the same manner
(2.) produce enzymes by synthesis
(3.) can mate and produce fertile offspring
(4.) live in the same area
In today’s classification system, 2
organisms would be most closely
related if they were classified in the
same
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.)genus
(4.)species
Which classification category contains
the greatest number of different types
of organisms?
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.) genus
(4.) species
1. Sodium is
PUMPED
out of a
nerve cell.
2. A unicellular
organism takes
in a particle of
food.
3. Water moves
out of the fish’s
body cells (98%
water) and into
the surrounding
water (96% water)
What were the three types of archaebacteria
you read about?
1. Methanogens:
1. Prefix: methano2. Live in oxygen-free environments and produce
methane
2. Extreme halophiles
1. Live in bodies of concentrated salt water
3. Thermoacidophiles
1. Prefix: thermo2. Live in hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs