Curriculum vitae
Norma Susana Mankoč Borštnik
Born in Buenos Aires in Argentina to Slovenian parents
-1974 Ph.D. In physics, University of Ljubljana
-1968 Josef Stefan Institute, Theoretical Physics
-1975 Assistant Professor, 1981 Associate Professor, 1986 (Full) Professor, Department of
Physics, University of Ljubljana
-1996 Professor with a special status (with maximal number of points), University of Ljubljana,
Department of Physics
-1999 Chartered Physicist, Institute of Physics, London, 76 Portland Place, W1N 3DH
-1999-2004 Founder and director of the Primorska Institute for Natural Sciences and
Technology, Koper, Slovenia.
Lecturing: Quantum Mechanics I and II, Theoretical Physics I and II, Nuclear and Elementary
Particle Physics, Modern Physics, Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields, graduate courses
on Theory of Groups, Classical Physics, Selected Topics in Physics.
My theoretical research work spans the range from the physics of elementary particles and
fields, through hadronic, nuclear and molecular physics, cosmology to quantum computers:
o I was, together with collaborators, among the very first explaining the nuclear force as the
interaction between the two clusters of quarks, publishing several papers on this topic,
demonstrating that the presentation of the force depends strongly on the model. (Phys. Lett.
93B (1980) 489-491, J. Phys. G7 (1981)1335-1393, Phys.Lett. 99B (1981) 486-488, Nucl.
Phys. A395 (1983) 1371-1390).
o I demonstrated how can the collective degrees of freedom be extracted from the many body
degrees of freedom by using the generator coordinate method. (Nucl. Phys. A239 (1975) 321).
o I proposed, together with collaborators, the coherent rotational states as a mechanism to
produce short pulses in molecules and nuclei (Phys. Rep. 158 (1988) 161-204 and refs.
therein).
o I proposed the two modes resonator, formed by two weakly coupled cavities, to test quantum
interference phenomena. (Phys. Rev. A 68 (1999) 3299).
o Recognizing that there is besides the Dirac type of the Clifford object the second one anticommuting with the Dirac one (there is no third kind of the Clifford algebra objects), forming the
equivalent representations with respect to the Dirac one and since the massless families of
quarks and leptons do form the equivalent representations with respect to the family members, I
proposed the second kind of the gamma operators as the mechanism for generating families.
This is the only proposal in the literature, which explains and not just postulates the number of
families by making a choice of the group in one or another way. Due to this mechanism I am
predicting (together with collaborators) that there are four coupled families at the low energy
regime and the stable fifth family (Phys. Lett. B 292 (1992) 25-29, J. Math. Phys. 34 (1993)
3731-3745, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 9 (1994)1731-1745, J. Math. Phys. 36 (1995)1593-1601, Phys.
Rev. D 62 (2000) 044010, J. of Theor. Phys. 40 (2001)315-338), Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009)
083534).
o I proposed (first alone, then) together with the collaborator the improved version - the
technique for the description of the fundamental representations of the orthogonal groups in any
dimension and consequently of any unitary subgroup (J. Math. Phys. 34 (1993) 3731-3745, J.
Math. Phys. 43 (2002) 5782-5803, J. Math. Phys. 44 (2003) 4817-4827), manifesting also how
useful can be this technique, when searching for protocols for quantum computers (Int. J. of
Modern Phys. 48 (2009) 507)).
o I proved, together with the collaborator, on a toy model, that there is the hope for the KaluzaKlein-like theories to show the right way beyond the standard model in spite of the “no-go”
theorem of Witten (Phys. Lett. B 633 (2006) 771-775, Phys. Lett. B 644 (2007) 198, Phys. Lett.
B 663 (2008) 265, New J. Phys.13 (2011) 103027, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.45 (2012) 465401).
o I am proposing the spin-charge-family theory, showing a new way beyond the standard
model, which is offering the explanation for all the assumptions of the standard model. The
theory offers the explanation for:: i. the appearance of all the charges of one family members, ii.
the origin of all vector gauge fields, iii. the origin of families, iv. the origin of the higgs and
Yukawa couplings, explaining why does the scalar higgs carry the ”fermion” weak and hyper
charges, v. the origin of dark matter, vi. the origin of matter/antimatter asymmetry. The theory
predicts: a. the existence of the fourth family, coupled to the observed three, b. the existence of
several scalar fields, all with the weak and hyper charges of the higgs (explaining the origin of
the higgs and Yukawa couplings), to be observed at the LHC. c. the existence of the next four
families (the stable of which forms the dark matter), d. an interesting “nuclear interaction”
among stable very heavy nucleons. Answering so many open questions in elementary particle
physics and cosmology the spin-charge-family theory is a very promising theory (Phys. Rev. D
74, 073013-16 (2006), New J. of Phys. 10 (2008) 093002 and refs. therein, Phys. Rev. D 80,
(2009) 083534, J. Mod. Phys. 4 (2013) 823, JHEP (2014) 165, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 065004,
JMP Dec. 2015 in print).
o With the collaborator we have started the project of fermionization (bosonization) bosons
(fermions) in any dimensions to better understand why nature has made a choice of the charges
and the corresponding gauge fields, the vector and scalar ones in (3+1)-dimensional space-time
(Proc. Bled 2015, Phys. Lett. B 486 (2000) 314-321, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35 (2002) 1056310571, Phys. Lett. B 644 (2007) 198-202, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2014) 16).
I founded the Primorska Institute for Natural Sciences and Technology in Koper in 1999 and
have leaded it for five years while developing and leading or collaborating on several joint
projects with the enterprises.
This institute was founded to invite into the institute not only very capable researchers with their
own ideas in the theoretical and experimental physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering,
electrical engineering, computer science, and other technical sciences, but among them those
who were prepared to propose and develop projects, interesting for enterprises and were able
to teach students on concrete problems how new ideas emerge and how can one approach to
look for the solutions.
I founded in 1998 together with the collaborator and we are still leading the Annual Workshop
entitled “What Comes Beyond the Standard Models” (the electroweak and cosmological ones)
which has this year taken place for the 18th consecutive time. Every year we also publish the
Proceedings to this Workshop. This workshop is unique in stressing intense discussions
detailing proposed approaches to the open questions of elementary particle physics and
cosmology.
My student succeeded to found the successful enterprise (BS Storitve
Other activities:
*-1987 (one of the) organizer of the Workshop on Mesonic Degrees of Freedom in Hadrons,
Bled-Ljubljana, June-July, 1987,
*-1989 organizer (one of) of the 6th Adriatic Meeting on Particle Physics, Modern Trends in
Particle Physics,
*- 2001- peer reviewer for the EC Research Training Network,
*- 1991-1998 President of the National Physics Committee of the Society of Mathematicians,
Physicists and Astronomers of Slovenia (DMFA), leading inclusion of the physics section of
DMFA in the EPS,
*- 1998 initiator (one of several) and one of the founders of the Primorska Science Foundation
*- 1999 initiator (one of two) and founder of the Primorska Institute for Natural Sciences in Koper
*- 1999-2004 director of this Institute
*-1996-1999 member of the Council for General Education of the Republic of Slovenia
*-since 1991 principal investigator for several projects financed by the Slovenian Ministry of
Science and Technology
*-since 1999 principal investigator and/or collaborator on several joint projects with the
enterprises
*- 2008-2009 member of the Managing Board of the University of Primorska
*- since 2009-14 a principal investigator on “Origin of families, dark matter constituents and
physics beyond the Standard model”, with 0,5 FTE, it is the part of the program “Astrophysics
and Physics of Atmosphere”. P1-0188
Mentorship: Matjaž Kaluža, Milan Golob, Bojan Božič, Klemen Bohinc, Bojan Gornik, Renato
Bertalanič, Valentina Ločniškar, Gregor Bregar, Matjaž Gregorič, Miriam Cvetič, Klemen Bohinc,
Metod Škarja.
Življenjepis – Curriculum vitae
Norma Susana Mankoč Borštnik
Rojena slovenskim staršem v Buenos Airesu v Argentini
-1974 doktorat iz fizike, Univerza v Ljubljani
-1968 Institut Josef Stefan, Teoretična fizika
-1975 Docentka, 1981 Izredna profesorica, 1986 (Redna) Profesorica, Oddelek za fiziko,
Univerza v Ljubljani
-1996 Profesorica z masimalnim številom točk, Univerza v Ljubljani, Oddelek za fiziko
-1999 Chartered Physicist, Institute of Physics, London, 76 Portland Place, W1N 3DH
-1999-2004 Ustanoviteljica in direktorica Primorskega Inštituta za Naravoslovne in Tehnične
Vede (PINT) v Kopru.
Predavanja: Kvantna mehanika I in II, Teorijska fizka I in II, Jedrska fizika in fizika osnovnih
delcev, Moderna fizika, Fizika osnovnih delcev in polj, podiplomska predavanja iz Teorije grup,
Klasične fizike, Izbranih poglavij iz fizike.
Moje teoretično raziskovalno delo obsega področja od fizike osnovnih delcev in polj,
hadronske, jedrske in molekulske fizike, kozmologije do kvantnih računalnikov:
o Skupaj s sodelavci sem med prvimi pojasnila jedrsko silo kot interakcijo med dvema gručama
kvarkov in objavila več člankov na to temo v katerih smo pokazali, da je predstavitev močno
odvisna od modela. (Phys. Lett. 93B (1980) 489-491, J. Phys. G7 (1981)1335-1393, Phys.Lett.
99B (1981) 486-488, Nucl. Phys. A395 (1983) 1371-1390).
o Pokazala sem, kako lahko kolektivne prostostne stopnje izločimo iz prostostnih stopenj
problema mnogih teles z uporabo metode generatorske koordinate. (Nucl. Phys. A239 (1975)
321).
o S sodelavci sem predstavila koherentna rotacijska stanja kot mehanizem za produkcijo kratkih
pulzov v molekulah in jedrih (Phys. Rep. 158 (1988) 161-204 in reference tam).
o Predlagala sem, skupaj s sodelavcema, resonator z dvema nihajnima načinoma, ki ga tvorita
dve šibko sklopljeni votlini, in omogoča preverjanje pojavov kvantne interference. (Phys. Rev. A
68 (1999) 3299).
o Ugotovila sem, da poleg Diracovega tipa Cliffordovih objektov obstaja še drug tip teh objektov,
ki antikomutira z Diracovimi (tretji tip objektov Cliffordove algebre ne obstaja) in tvori upodobitve
ekvivalentne Diracovim; Ker brezmasne družine kvarkov in leptonov tvorijo ekvivalentne
upodobitve glede na člane družin, sem predlagala to drugo vrsto operatorjev gama kot
mehanizem za tvorbo družin. To je edini predlog v objavljeni literaturi, ki pojasni kvantno število
družin in ne postulira tega kvantnega števila z izbiro ustrezne grupe. S tem mehanizmom
napovedujem (skupaj s sodelavci), da je poleg izmerjenih treh družin tudi četrta, ki je z že
izmerjenimi sklopljena ter da stabilna peta družina pojasni obstoj temne snovi, ki določa
dinamiko galaksij ter jat galaksij (Phys. Lett. B 292 (1992) 25-29, J. Math. Phys. 34 (1993) 37313745, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 9 (1994)1731-1745, J. Math. Phys. 36 (1995)1593-1601, Phys. Rev.
D 62 (2000) 044010, J. of Theor. Phys. 40 (2001)315-338), Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 083534).
o Predlagala sem (najprej sama, nato skupaj s sodelavcem) izboljšano vezijo – tehniko za opis
fundamentalnih upodobitev ortogonalne grupe v poljubni dimenziji in zato tudi poljubne unitarne
podgrupe (J. Math. Phys. 34 (1993) 3731-3745, J. Math. Phys. 43 (2002) 5782-5803, J. Math.
Phys. 44 (2003) 4817-4827) ter pokazala koristnost te tehnike za iskanje ustreznih protokolov
za kvantne računalnike (Int. J. of Modern Phys. 48 (2009) 507)).
o Na primeru enostavnega modela sem dokazala (skupaj s sodelavcem), da lahko teorije
Kaluza-Kleinovega tipa - kljub Wittenovemu izreku, ki dokazuje nasprotno - vodijo pri nizkih
energijah do opazljivih fermionskih in bozonskih polj ter s tem pomagajo pojasniti predpostavke
standardnega modela (Phys. Lett. B 633 (2006) 771-775, Phys. Lett. B 644 (2007) 198, Phys.
Lett. B 663 (2008) 265, New J. Phys.13 (2011) 103027, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.45 (2012)
465401).
o Predlagam teorijo spinov-nabojev-družin, ki pojasni vse predpostavke standardnega modela.
Teorija ponudi razlago za: i. pojav vseh nabojev članov ene družine, ii. izvor vseh vektorskih
umeritvenih polj, iii. izvor družin, iv. izvor higgsovega polja in Yukawinih sklopitev, v. za
,,fermionska'' kvantna števila skalarnega higgsovega delca (za njegov šibki in hiper naboj), vi.
pojasni izvor temne snovi in vii. asimetrijo snov/antisnov. Teorija napove: a. obstoj četrte
družine, ki je sklopljena z že opaženimi tremi, b. obstoj več skalarnih polj, vsa imajo šibki in
hiper naboj kot higgs (kar pojasni izvor higgsovega skalarja in Yukawinih sklopitev), ki jih bodo
opazili na LHC, c. obstoj še naslednjih štirih družin (stabilna od teh tvori temno snov), d.
zanimivo “jedrsko interakcijo” med stabilnimi zelo težkimi nukleoni. Teorija spinov-nabojevdružin mnogo obeta, ker ponudi odgovore na toliko odprtih vprašanj v fiziki osnovnih delcev in
kozmologiji (Phys. Rev. D 74, 073013-16 (2006), New J. of Phys. 10 (2008) 093002 in reference
tam, Phys. Rev. D 80, (2009) 083534, J. Mod. Phys. 4 (2013) 823, JHEP (2014) 165, Phys.
Rev. D 91 (2015) 065004, JMP Dec. 2015 v tisku).
o S sodelavcem sva začela projekt fermionizacije (bozonizacije) bozonov (fermionov) v poljubni
dimenziji, da bi bolje razumela, zakaj je narava izbrala naboje in ustrezna umeritvena polja,
vektorska in skalarna v (3+1)-razsežnem prostor-času (Proc. Bled 2015, Phys. Lett. B 486
(2000) 314-321, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35 (2002) 10563-10571, Phys. Lett. B 644 (2007) 198202, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2014) 16).
Osnovala sem Primorski Inštitut za Naravoslovne in Tehnične Vede (PINT) v Kopru v letu 1999
in ga nato vodila pet let in hkrati razvijala in vodila sodelovanja na več skupnih projektih z
gospodarstvom.
Inštitut smo ustanovili z namenom privabiti ne samo zelo sposobne raziskovalce z lastnimi
idejami na področjih teoretične in eksperimentalne fizike, kemije, strojništva, elektrotehnike,
računalništva in ostalih tehničnih ved, ampak izmed njih tudi takšne, ki bi želeli predlagati in
voditi projekte, ki so zanimivi za podjetja in bi lahko na konkretnih problemih pokazali
študentom, kako se porajajo nove ideje in kako se iščejo rešitve.
Leta 1998 sem skupaj s sodelavci osnovala, in še vedno vodim vsakoletno mednarodno
znanstveno delavnico “What Comes Beyond the Standard Models” (Kako preseči oba
standardna modela, elektrošibkega in kozmološkega), ki je to leto potekala 18tič. Vsako leto
tudi objavimo zbornik delavnice. Delavnica se odlikuje po izčrpnih diskusijah o predlaganih
pristopih k odprtim vprašanjem fizike osnovnih delcev in kozmologije.
Moj študent je ustanovii uspešno podjetje (BS Storitve), ki uspešno raste
Ostale aktivnosti:
*-1987 (eden od) organizator Workshop on Mesonic Degrees of Freedom in Hadrons, BledLjubljana, Junij-Julij, 1987,
*-1989 organizator (eden od) 6th Adriatic Meeting on Particle Physics, Modern Trends in
Particle Physics,
*- 2001- recenzent za EC Research Training Network,
*- 1991-1998 Predsednica Fizikalnega komiteja pri Društvu matematikov, fizikov in astronomov
Slovenije (DMFA), in vodja vključitve fizikalne sekcije DMFA v EPS,
*- 1998 pobudnica (ena od več) in ena od ustanoviteljev Primorske Znanstvene Fundacije
*- 1999 pobudnica (ena od dveh) in ustanoviteljica Primorskega inštituta za naravoslovne in
tehnične vede v Kopru
*- 1999-2004 direktorica tega Inštituta
*-1996-1999 članica Sveta za izobraževanje Republike Slovenije
*-od 1991 vodja nekaj projektov, ki jih je financiralo MZT
*-od 1999 vodja projekta in/ali sodelavka na več skupnih projektih z gospodarstvom
*- 2008-2009 članica Nadzornega sveta Primorske univerze
*- od 2009-14 vodja projekta“Origin of families, dark matter constituents and physics beyond the
Standard model”, z 0,5 FTE, ki je bil del programske skupine “Astrophysics and Physics of
Atmosphere”. P1-0188
Mentorstvo: Matjaž Kaluža, Milan Golob, Bojan Božič, Klemen Bohinc, Bojan Gornik, Renato
Bertalanič, Valentina Ločniškar, Gregor Bregar, Matjaž Gregorič, Miriam Cvetič, Klemen Bohinc,
Metod Škarja.