Organic Reactions
Page 696 in Text
Page 10:41 in Regents Review Book
Substitution


Definition: replacement of one kid of atom
or group by another kind of atom or group
in alkanes only
Example:
Addition


Definition: Adding one or more atoms at a
double or triple bond in alkenes and alkynes
but not in alkanes because there are no
multiple bonds
Example:
Fermentation

Glucose is broken down into ethanol
and carbon dioxide by enzymes
C6H12O6 → C2H5OH + CO2
Glucose
Ethanol
Carbon
Dioxide
Esterification

The reaction between an acid and
an alcohol produce and ester and
water
Example:
ethanoic acid + methanol → methyl ethanoate + water
Saponification

The reverse of esterification


Esters break into acid and alcohol
Produces soap
Fat + Strong Base → soap + glycerol
Salt of an
acid
Alcohol
Combustion


Burning a hydrocarbon in the
presence of oxygen
Produces CO2 + H2O
Polymerization



Smaller molecules (monomers) join
together to form a larger molecule
(polymers)
Condensation Polymerization –
dehydration (remove water) to form a
polymer
Naturally occuring polymers include starch,
protein and cellulose.
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Polymerization

Addition Polymerization

Monomers joining together by breaking
a double or triple bond to form a
polymer
Ethene breaking bonds
to form polyethylene