The
pharynx
The pharynx
Anatomy of The pharynx
Site
Seen from behind
Midline of the neck
Behind :
From skull base to esophagus
Nose
In frontThe
of upper
6 Cervical vertebra
The Mouth
The larynx
Shape
Irregular Fibromuscular
tube lined by
mucous membrane
Length: 15 cm
Relation
Anterior
surface
of the
pharynx
the pharynx
Compartments
Seen from behind
• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx
(Hypopharynx)
Seen from lateral
• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx
(Hypopharynx)
Muscles of the pharynx
• Circular muscles: Superior, middle and
inferior constrictor muscles.
• Longitudinal muscles: stylopharyngeus,
palatopharyngeus and
salpingopharyngeus
• All muscles of the pharynx innerveated by
cranial root of accessory nerve except
stylopharyngeus which is supplied by
glossopharyngeus nerve
Extention
Three
constrictor
stylopharyngeus
cricopharyngeus
Nasopharynx
-Behind the nasal cavity
-Extends from skull
Base superiorly to the
soft palate inferiorly
- Communicates inferiorly
with the oropharynx
through the pharyngeal
isthmus
- The nasopharyngeal tonsil
lies in the roof
- The pharyngeal opening of
ET lies in the lateral wall
Nasopharynx (important landmarks)
• The pharyngeal isthmus
• Opening of auditory tube and
tubal elevation
• The salpingopharyngeal fold
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Behind the oral cavity (in front of
2nd&3rd Cervical vertebra)
From the soft palate superiorly to
tip of epiglottis inferiorly
Communicates:
Anteriorly with the oral cavity
Superiorly with the
nasopharynx
Inferiorly with the
laryngopharynx
The paatine tonsils lie laterally
between the anterior and
posterior
pilars
Oropharynx (lateral wall)
• Median epiglottis fold
The floor
vallecula lateral epiglottis fold
laryngopharynx
Behind the Larynx (in front of 3rd
to 6th Cervical vertebra)
From the tip of epiglottis superiorly to
the lower border of cricoid cartilage
Inferiorly
Communicates:
- Anteriorly with the Larynx
- Superiorly with the oropharynx
- Inferiorly with the esophagus
Seen from
behind
The hypopharynx does not only
lie behind the larynx BUT also
Projects laterally on each side
of the larynx
So it is formed of :
- Postcricoid region ( behind
the larynx)
- Two pyriform fossa (on each
side of the larynx
Cross section
laryngopharynx
Blood
supply
What is Waldeyer’s ring?
The lymphoid tissue in the
pharyngeal aponeurosis
aggregates in some areas
forming tonsils:
1-one nasopharyngeal tonsil
2- two palatine tonsils
3- two lingual tonsils
4-two tubal tonsils
Lymph
drainage
Nerve
supply
Nerve Supply
Motor ---► XI Except :
Stylopharyngeus --►IX
Sensory --►
- Nasopharynx: V
- Oropharynx: IX
- Laryngopharynx: X
Autonomic:
- sympathetic: SCG
- Parasympathetic: through VII
Palatine tonsils
1.Defintion
2.Site
3.Covering
4.Variability in size
5.Blood supply
6.Lymph drainage
The tonsils lie between the
Two pillars