Class Slides Set 10A
Special Skills Used to Study Early
Humans
. . . or how to make sense
out of
Ch. 8 of the text . . .
© 2010-2013
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/
In the Field
and the
Lab
Class Slides Set 10C
Special Skills Used to Study
Early Humans
In the Field and Lab
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., pp. 363, 403
Special Skills Used to Study Early Humans
In the Field
In the Laboratory
In the Field and Laboratory
In the Field and Lab
•
•
•
•
Forensic Anthropologists
Taphonomists
Physical Anthropologists
Paleontologists (fossil animals)
• Paleopathologists
• Archaeologists
• Ethnoarchaeologists
• Preparators
• Cultural Resource Management
In the Field and Lab
 Forensic Anthropologists
• Taphonomists
• Physical Anthropologists
• Paleontologists (fossil animals)
• Paleopathologists
• Archaeologists
• Ethnoarchaeologists
• Preparators
• Cultural Resource Management
Jacob Wetterling
Forensic Anthropologists
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 11th Ed., p. 9
Physical Anthropologists . . . working as forensic consultants.
Understanding Humans, 10th Ed., p. 10.
Dr. Linda Levitch teaching a human anatomy class . . .
Understanding Humans, 10th Ed., p. 10.
In the Field and Lab
 Forensic Anthropologists
 Taphonomists
• Physical Anthropologists
• Paleontologists (fossil animals)
• Paleopathologists
• Archaeologists
• Ethnoarchaeologists
• Preparators
• Cultural Resource Management
Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.
Understanding Humans, 10th Ed., p. 178.
In the Field and Lab
taphonomy
the study of how bones and other
materials came to be buried in the
earth and preserved as fossils
In the Field and Lab
taphonomy
study the processes of
sedimentation, the action of
streams, preservation properties of
bone, and carnivore disturbance
factors
In the Field and Lab
fossil
any impression, or trace, of an
animal or plant of past geological
ages
-- including
footprints
or tracks
Hominid footprint from Laetoli, Tanzania,
10th p. 218
In the Field and Lab
 Forensic Anthropologists
 Taphonomists
 Physical Anthropologists
• Paleontologists (fossil animals)
• Paleopathologists
• Archaeologists
• Ethnoarchaeologists
• Preparators
• Cultural Resource Management
Multidisciplinary Study.
Understanding Humans, 10th Ed., p. 178.
Ages of Epiphyseal Union
Jurmain, et al., Introduction to Physical Anthropology, 8th Ed., p. 443.
https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/07/0719_050719_britishgene.html
In the Field and Lab
 Forensic Anthropologists
 Taphonomists
 Physical Anthropologists
 Paleontologists (fossil animals)
• Paleopathologists
• Archaeologists
• Ethnoarchaeologists
• Preparators
• Cultural Resource Management
Multidisciplinary Study.
Understanding Humans, 10th Ed., p. 178.
In the Field and Lab
 Forensic Anthropologists
 Taphonomists
 Physical Anthropologists
 Paleontologists (fossil animals)
 Paleopathologists
• Archaeologists
• Ethnoarchaeologists
• Preparators
• Cultural Resource Management
UMD Paleopathologists Wil Salo (left) and Art Aufderheide (right).
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 117.
In the Field and Lab
 Forensic Anthropologists
 Taphonomists
 Physical Anthropologists
 Paleontologists (fossil animals)
 Paleopathologists
 Archaeologists
(material culture)
• Ethnoarchaeologists
• Preparators
• Cultural Resource Management
Multidisciplinary Study.
Understanding Humans, 10th Ed., p. 178.
In the Field and Lab
archaeologists
. . . study material culture
Susquehanna River site, PA
Typical stratification of a deep site
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 10th ed., p. 190, 8th ed., p. 403
Early 19th-century military site near Boston.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 405.
Archaeologist Erella Hovers, AL 333 site, Hadar, Ethiopia.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 282.
Hand axe (left) and cleaver (right),
both of which were basic tools of the Acheulian tradition
Understanding Humans, 10th Ed., p. 251.
Acheulian biface (“hand axe”),
A basic tool of the Acheulian peoples.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 239.
Early prehistoric Paleo-Indian and Archaic period projectile points.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 405.
Prehistoric decorated pottery vessel from Arizona.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 365.
Armaments and insignia from a Revolutionary War battle site.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 405.
In the Field and Lab
 Forensic Anthropologists
 Taphonomists
 Physical Anthropologists
 Paleontologists (fossil animals)
 Paleopathologists
 Archaeologists
 Ethnoarchaeologists
• Preparators
• Cultural Resource Management
Multidisciplinary Study.
Understanding Humans, 10th Ed., p. 178.
In the Field and Lab
Ethnoarchaeology
approach used by archaeologists to gain
insights into the past by studying
contemporary people
See also Slide Set 11A
Ethnoarcheological Studies of !Kung Lifeways
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 347.
Ethngraphical Studies of the Yanomamó
In the Field and Lab
 Forensic Anthropologists
 Taphonomists
 Physical Anthropologists
 Paleontologists (fossil animals)
 Paleopathologists
 Archaeologists
 Ethnoarchaeologists
(Slide Set 11A)
 Preparators
• Cultural Resource Management
In the Field and Lab
 Forensic Anthropologists
 Taphonomists
 Physical Anthropologists
 Paleontologists (fossil animals)
 Paleopathologists
 Archaeologists
 Ethnoarchaeologists
 Preparators
 Cultural Resource Management
In the Field and Lab
Cultural Resource
Management (CRM)
a federal policy that has given rise to “contract
archaeology,” so called because independent
and university-affiliated archaeological firms and
organizations are awarded contracts to carry out
specific research activities prior to construction
CRM
cultural resources management
Cultural Resource Management (CRM) – “contract archaeology”
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 408.
CRM, Donna Raymond (left)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 19.
Continue on to Set # 10D
Special Skills Used to Study Early Humans
Archaeological Dating Methods