APA Bibliography Format
Tim Roufs
APA Bibliography Format
(American Psychological Association)
APA Bibliography Format
Follow APA conventions for
documenting your work.
If you took Comp 1120 College Writing at
UMD you probably learned the MLA (Modern
Language Association) format.
APA Bibliography Format
Use APA style rather than the ASA
(American Sociological
Association) format, unless you
are already using ASA.
APA Bibliography Format
Your APA bibliography section
should be called "References."
• alphabetize
• on a separate page
• after the text of your document, but
before any appendices or notes
• number each page, continuing the
numbering of the text
APA Bibliography Format
Whichever format you use, you need to include
information on:
•
•
•
•
Author(s)
Publication Date
Title
Publication Information
• place of publication
• publisher
• (sometimes) page numbers
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a work with a single author:
Spencer, R. F. (1969). The north Alaskan Eskimo.
Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
(Original work Published in 1959)
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a work with multiple authors:
Coleman, B., Frogner, E., & Eich, E. (1971). Ojibwa myths
and legends. Minneapolis: Ross and Haines.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a later edition of a work with
multiple authors :
Hodges, J. C., & Whitten, M. E. (Eds.). (1986). Harbrace
college handbook (10th ed.). San Diego: Harcourt
Brace Jovanovich.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a book or report with a
corporate author:
United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. (1986).
Record of decision: Final environmental impact statement,
land and resource management plan, Superior National
Forest. (USDA Publication No. 641- 110/20043).
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a government report with an
unknown author not available from the
Government Printing Office:
Cultural status of the South African man-apes. (1955). In
Annual report of the Smithsonian Institution (pp. 318-
338). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
APA Bibliography Format
A reference to part of a specific volume in a
multi-volume work:
Durant, W., & Durant, A. (1961). The story of civilization:
Vol. 7. The age of reason begins (pp. 479-484). New
York: Simon and Schuster.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an unpublished manuscript:
Fleischman, W. A. (1978). Resident and non-resident owner
attitudes toward land use. Unpublished manuscript,
University of Minnesota Duluth, Center for Community
and Regional Studies, Duluth, MN.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an article in journal with
continuous pagination throughout the
annual volume:
Black, D. (1979). Common sense in the sociology of law.
American Sociological Review, 44, 18-27.
-----------------------If pagination is not continuous add the issue number in
parentheses after the volume number:
Black, D. (1979). Common sense . . . , 44(6), 18-27.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an article from a monthly
magazine:
Patterson, F. (1978, October). Conversations with a gorilla.
National Geographic, 438-465.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an article from a newspaper
where the author is given and where pages
are discontinuous:
Creedon, J. (1979, September 24). The Kosinski method.
Minnesota Daily, pp. 32, 34.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an article from a weekly
magazine or weekly newspaper, with no
author given:
Puzzling out man's ascent. (1977, November 7). Time, 64-69.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to two works of the same author
in the same year; arrange alphabetically by
title, add a, b, c, etc.:
Davis, K. (1963a). Social demography. In B. Berelson (Ed.),
The behavioral sciences today (pp. 124-137). New York:
Basic.
Davis, K. (1963b). The theory of change and response in modern
demographic history. Population Index, 29, 345-366.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an article reprinted in a
collection of works by different authors:
Carneiro, R. L. (1974). A theory of the origin of the
state. In Y. A. Cohen (Ed.), Man in adaptation (2nd
ed., pp. 417-426). Chicago: Aldine. (Reprinted from
Science, 1970, 169, 733-738)
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a work in a collection of works
by the same author:
Hallowell, A. I. (1955). The nature and function of
property as a social institution. In A. I. Hallowell,
Culture and experience (pp. 236-249). Philadelphia:
University of Pennsylvania Press. (Reprinted from
Journal of Legal and Political Sociology, 1943, 1,
115-138)
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an unsigned article in a
reference work:
Culture change. (1976). Encyclopedia of anthropology (pp.
97-98).
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a letter to the editor:
Levy, M. M. (1979, September 24). [Letter to the editor].
Minnesota Daily, Sec. 1, p. 6.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a TV or radio program:
Downs, H. (Narrator). (1968, March 21). The first Americans
[TV Video]. New York: NBC News.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a film:
Gardner, R. G. (Director). (1964). Dead birds [Film].
Washington, DC: Harvard University, Peabody Museum,
Film Study Center.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a lecture:
Laundergan, J C. (2000, December 8). [Functional analysis
of social stratification.] Sociology 1100 class
lecture. University of Minnesota Duluth. Duluth, MN.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to electronic citations:
Although most agree on the components for
electronic citations, format standards are just
emerging for citations from electronic media.
For citing WebSites the tendency seems to be to
italicize (or underline) the title of the site, or, if
there is no title, to include a description such as
“Home Page,” but not underlined or italicized or in
quotation marks.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to electronic citations:
For the latest up-to-date information see:
Style Sheets for Citing Internet & Electronic
Resources -- UC Berkeley - Teaching Library Internet Workshops
Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the
American Psychological Association -- APA
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to electronic citations:
• Author's Last Name, Initial(s).
• (Date of document). [if different from date accessed]
• Title of document.
• Title of complete work. [if applicable]
• Version or File number. [if applicable]
• (Edition or revision). [if applicable]
• Protocol and address, access path, or directories.
• (date of access).
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an Unnamed WebSite:
Kim, A. Home page. 9 Oct. 1997. <http.//www.cohums.ohio
-state.edu/english/people/kim.1>.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a Named WebSite:
Burka, L. P. (1993). A hypertext history of multi-user
dimensions. MUD history. http://www.utopia.com/talent/
lpb/muddex/essay (2 Aug. 1996).
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to a WebSite by a Corporate
Author:
Classical myth: The ancient sources. Dept. of Greek and Roman
Studies, U of Victoria. 28 Mar. 1998 <http://
www.wesleyan.edu/~cbays/homepage.html>.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an Online periodical:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2000). Title of
article. Title of Periodical, xx, xxxxxx. Retrieved month
day, year, from source.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an Online periodical:
Browing, T. “Embedded Visuals: Student Design in Web
Spaces.” Kairos: A journal for teachers of writing 2.1
(1997). 9 Oct. 1999 http://english.ttu.edu/
kairos/current/toc.html>.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to an Online periodical:
Zahn, M. “State’s Sex Offender Law: Is it working?”
Milwaukee journal sentinel online. 28 Mar. 1998.
<com/forums/sexoffender/0328sex.stm>.
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to E-mail, Discussion Lists, and
Newsgroups:
Crump, E. Re: Preserving Writing. Alliance for Computers and
Writing listserv. acw-l@unicorn. acs.ttu.edu (31 Mar. 1995).
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to Online Reference Sources:
Fine arts. (1993). In E. D. Hirsch, Jr., J. F. Kett, & J. Trefil (Eds.),
Dictionary of cultural literacy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
INSO Corp. America Online. Reference Desk/
Dictionaries/Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (20 May
1996).
APA Bibliography Format
Reference to Software Programs:
ID Software. (1993). The ultimate doom. NY: GT Interactive
Software.
APA Bibliography Format
You no longer need to include words like "Inc.,"
"Publishers," "and Co., " "Company," "Ltd.," and
"Limited" in your references section.
Thus, for example, refer simply to “St. Martin's”
rather than “St. Martin's Press.”
There is one exception: with university presses, spell
out the entire publisher (for example, "The University
of Chicago Press").
For more information see the Dept. Writing Guide
APA Bibliography Format
Tim Roufs
End of
APA Bibliography Format
Presentation