AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
World History
Room 167
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
An airplane destroyed during the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Explain how Japanese expansionism led to war with the Allies in Asia.
• Explain the importance of the Allies’ strategy in turning the tide of war against Japan.
AGENDA: Please begin Warm-up and get focused for class immediately.
• WARM-UP, Examine Textbook map, p. 828
• FILM CLIP, “Pearl Harbor” (attack sequence)
• LECTURE / DISCUSSION of homework CH 32, Section 2
• MAJOR QUIZ over Sections 1 - 2
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
• Read CH 32, Section 3, Complete G.R.A. in packet.
Consider renting “Schindler’s List.”
You are watching a clip from the 2001 film “Pearl Harbor”
Japanese
Approach to
Pearl Harbor:
Dec. 7, 1941
The Imperial
Japanese Navy
fleet attacking
Pearl Harbor
launched a total
of 423 aircraft in
two waves
against American
military targets
on the Hawaiian
Island of Oahu.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
You are watching a clip from the 2001 film “Pearl Harbor”
Attack on
Pearl Harbor:
Dec. 7, 1941
Commander
Fuchida led the
first wave of
torpedo bombers
against the US
Pacific Fleet
ships at anchor
in Pearl Harbor.
Their first
objective was to
strike at the
battleships.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
World History
Room 167
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
An airplane destroyed during the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Explain how Japanese expansionism led to war with the Allies in Asia.
• Explain the importance of the Allies’ strategy in turning the tide of war against Japan.
AGENDA: Please begin Warm-up and get focused for class immediately.
• WARM-UP, Examine Textbook map, p. 828
• FILM CLIP, “Pearl Harbor” (attack sequence)
• LECTURE / DISCUSSION of homework CH 32, Section 2
• MAJOR QUIZ over Sections 1 - 2
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
• Read CH 32, Section 3, Complete G.R.A. in packet.
Consider renting “Schindler’s List.”
JAPAN SEEKS A PACIFIC EMPIRE
1920s : A country overcrowded and short of raw materials
Military Leaders begin to seek an Empire
1931 : Japan takes over Manchuria
1937 : Japan invades China – Chinese resistance causes prolonged war;
Plan to pursue resources in European colonies of Southeast Asia
The Japanese
military
documented
the brutality
in Nanjing.
1940 : U.S. cracks Japanese secret code and discovers plan;
fears loss of U.S.-controlled Philippines & Guam
1941 : Jan. - U.S. begins to aid Chinese
June – Japan moves into French Indochina
July – U.S. President Roosevelt cuts off oil shipments to Japan
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor” Text p. 827; Packet p. 4
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto,
Japan’s great naval strategist,
argued that the U.S. fleet in Hawaii was
“a dagger pointed at our throat,”
and must be destroyed.
Although Yamamoto argued for the attack on Pearl Harbor,
he held no illusions about the war’s final outcome.
He admitted to an aide,
“In the first six to twelve months of a war with the United States and Britain,
I will run wild and win victory after victory.
After that, I have no expectation of success.”
Video clip, America in the 20th Century: World War II: The Road to War / Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
Japanese
Approach to
Pearl Harbor:
Dec. 7, 1941
The Imperial
Japanese Navy
fleet attacking
Pearl Harbor
launched a total
of 423 aircraft in
two waves
against American
military targets
on the Hawaiian
Island of Oahu.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
Attack on
Pearl Harbor:
Dec. 7, 1941
Commander
Fuchida led the
first wave of
torpedo bombers
against the US
Pacific Fleet
ships at anchor
in Pearl Harbor.
Their first
objective was to
strike at the
battleships.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor” Text p. 827; Packet p. 4
1. Bombing of Pearl Harbor
U.S. Casualties:
2,400 killed
1,100 wounded
a?
b!
Japanese launched a surprise attack, sinking or damaging
almost the entire U. S. Pacific fleet.
U.S. declares war on Japan.
CONNECTING PAST & PRESENT
Following the Terrorist Attack of September 11, 2001,
many in the United States found obvious comparisons
with the attack on Pearl Harbor sixty years earlier.
In both instances,
the United States admitted knowing from coded messages
that such an attack might come.
But they did not know when or where it would occur.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
“December 7, 1941…
A Day That Will Live in Infamy.”
~ President Franklin D. Roosevelt
declaring War on Japan before the U.S. Congress
December 8, 1941.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Tide of Japanese Victories” Text p. 828; Packet p. 4
2. Fall of Southeast Asian
colonies.
Hong Kong, Malaya,
Dutch Indonesia,
Singapore, Burma
a?
Through a planned series of attacks in the Pacific, Japan
seized control of rich European colonies.
b!
Helped Japan replenish depleted resources and cut China
off from its supply route through Burma.
Before they moved in and conquered,
the Japanese dropped leaflets
proclaiming their anti-colonialist
message, “Asia for Asians.”
After victory, however, the Japanese
quickly made it clear that they had come
as conquerors…in fact, native Asian
people often received the same treatment
as western POWs…such as those taken
on the Bataan Death March.
Textbook, p. 828
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Tide of Japanese Victories” Text p. 828; Packet p. 4
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Tide of Japanese Victories” Text p. 828; Packet p. 4
Bataan Death March
Known as “The Rock,”
the island fortress
of Corregidor
in Manila Bay
was the last U.S. position
in the Philippines to
surrender to the Japanese.
For a month
after the fall of Bataan,
13,000 American and Filipino
troops held out in a concrete
cave called Malinta Tunnel.
Video clip, teacher’s personal library,
“The Bataan Death March”
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
. . . Bataan Death March
At dawn April 9, 1942, Major General Edward P. King, Jr.,
surrendered more than 75,000 starving and diseaseridden American soldiers, sailors, and Marines and their
Filipino allies,
to overwhelming Japanese forces.
He inquired of the
Japanese colonel to
whom he tendered his
pistol whether
the Americans
and Filipinos
would be well treated.
The Japanese aide-de-camp indignantly replied:
“We are not barbarians.”
The next 14 days
would prove otherwise.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
. . . Bataan Death March
August, 1942
The men were marched
65 miles
into Japanese Prisoner-of-War camps.
(See “A Voice from the Past,”
text p. 828)
The 75,000 prisoners of war were bound, beaten, or killed by their Japanese
captors. Some were bayoneted when they fell from exhaustion.
Some were forced to dig their own graves and were buried alive.
Only 56,000 prisoners
reached camp alive.
Thousands of them later died
from malnutrition and disease.
In August, 1945, the Russian Army
liberated the prison camp.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Allies Strike Back” Text p. 829; Packet p. 4
3. Doolittle’s raid on Japan.
a?
As revenge for Pearl Harbor, U.S. sent sixteen
B-25 bombers to bomb Japanese cities..
b!
Showed that Japan could be attacked
and raised American morale.
April, 1942
James H. Doolittle 1896–1993, American aviator,
b. Alameda, Calif.
After serving in World War I as a flier he returned to school
and
earned a Sc.D. from MIT. He then became noted for his
speed
flying (world record, 1932) and also engaged in
commercial
aviation as the head of Shell Oil's aviation department.
In 1940 he was recalled to the U.S. Army Air Corps. Doolittle commanded the
first bombers that raided Tokyo and other Japanese cities (Apr. 18, 1942)
from the aircraft carrier Hornet.
He later headed the North African Strategic Air Forces and led the 8th
Air
Force
T.W.
Loessin,
Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Allies Turn the Tide of War” Text p. 829; Packet p. 4
May, 1942
An American fleet
with Australian support
intercepts a Japanese strike
force on its way to
Port Moresby in
the Coral Sea…
(see textbook map, p. 828)
CORAL
SEA
…the United States had
installed a critical Allied air
base here…
should the Japanese take it,
they could easily take
Australia.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Allies Turn the Tide of War” Text p. 829; Packet p. 4
4.
Battle of
a?
the Coral Sea.
May, 1942
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
b!
Following an interception of Japanese attack on Port Moresby,
Japanese and American naval fleets fought to a draw.
Introduced a new kind of naval warfare,
using only airplanes taking off from huge carriers.
The Americans lost more ships than the Japanese,
but successfully prevented Japanese expansion southward.
June, 1942
Another Japanese code was broken and their next target was realized – the key American airfield
on Midway island. (see textbook map, p. 828)
U.S. Pacific Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz
knew the largest naval force ever assembled, 150 Japanese ships,
were heading for Midway to finish off the U.S. crippled fleet –
and on the lead Japanese flagship was Admiral Yamamoto himself.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
June, 1942
U.S. Pacific Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz
was outnumbered four to one in ships and planes. Evenso, he set his
ambush for the Japanese. On June 4, with American forces hiding
beyond the horizon, Nimitz allowed the enemy to launch the first
strike. Once the Japanese planes had lifted off to strike the island,
Nimitz ordered American planes to swoop in and attack the Japanese
fleet. American pilots destroyed 332 Japanese planes, all four aircraft
carriers, and one support ship. Yamamoto and his flagship withdrew.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
One of the most respected leaders of the
Pacific campaign of World War II was
Adm. Chester Nimitz, who was born in
Fredericksburg, Texas.
Located in the historic Nimitz Hotel on
Main Street in downtown Fredericksburg,
is the Admiral Nimitz Museum.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Battle of Midway” Text p. 829; Packet p. 4
5.
Battle of
Midway.
“The Americans had
avenged Pearl Harbor,”
commented a
Japanese official.
a?
An American carrier with planes defeated Japanese fleet
poised to attack Midway Island, a key American airfield.
b!
This battle reversed the tide of war in the Pacific
against the Japanese.
American pilots view
of the Japanese air raid
on Midway Island
beginning June 4, 1942..
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Battle of Midway” Text p. 829; Packet p. 4
5.
Battle of
Midway.
“The Americans had
avenged Pearl Harbor,”
commented a
Japanese official.
a?
An American carrier with planes defeated Japanese fleet
poised to attack Midway Island, a key American airfield.
b!
This battle reversed the tide of war in the Pacific
against the Japanese.
U.S.S. Yorktown after she was hit by
dive bombers at the Battle of Midway.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Battle of Midway” Text p. 829; Packet p. 4
5.
Battle of
Midway.
“The Americans had
avenged Pearl Harbor,”
commented a
Japanese official.
a?
An American carrier with planes defeated Japanese fleet
poised to attack Midway Island, a key American airfield.
b!
This battle reversed the tide of war in the Pacific
against the Japanese.
Crew of U.S. Army Air Force
First Lieutenant James Muri's
B-26, who made a torpedo attack
on a Japanese aircraft carrier
during the early morning battle.
The plane had more than
500 bullet holes when it landed
at Midway following this action.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
General Douglas MacArthur was commander of the Allied forces in the Pacific.
Believing that trying to storm each island in the Pacific would be a long, costly effort…
He proposed an “island-hopping” strategy he would bypass the Japanese,
seize the islands LEAST heavily defended
Read
History
Makers,
p.
but closest to Japan,
establish bases there,
then use air power
to cut Japanese supply lines.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
The U.S. learns the Japanese
are building a huge naval base
on Guadalcanal in the Solomon
Islands. (see textbook map, p. 828)
They had to strike fast before it
was completed.
August 7, 1942
19,000 Marines with Australian
support surprise the Japanese
who radioed to Tokyo,
“Enemy forces overwhelming!
We will defend our posts
to the death!”
The battle for the island turned
into a savage struggle.
(See “A Voice from the Past,”
text p. 830)
February, 1943
After 6 months of fighting
on land and at sea,
the Battle of Guadalcanal ended.
After losing 23,000 men
out of 36,000,
the Japanese abandoned the island
they had nicknamked
“the island of Death.”
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Allies Go on the Offensive” Text p. 829; Packet p. 4
a?
6. Battle of
Guadalcanal
Aug. 1942- Feb. 1943
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
b!
U.S. marines, with Australian support, seized Japanese airfield
and fought on land & sea for control of island of Guadalcanal.
Forced Japan to abandon Guadalcanal;
this began MacArthur’s “island-hopping” counterattack strategy.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Allies Go on the Offensive” Text p. 829; Packet p. 4
a?
6. Battle of
Guadalcanal
b!
Aug. 1942- Feb. 1943
Marines survey
bodies of
Japanese soldiers
covering the
battleground of
Edson's Ridge.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
U.S. marines, with Australian support, seized Japanese airfield
and fought on land & sea for control of island of Guadalcanal.
Forced Japan to abandon Guadalcanal;
this began MacArthur’s “island-hopping” counterattack strategy.
CH 32: Section 2 – “The Allies Go on the Offensive” Text p. 829; Packet p. 4
a?
6. Battle of
Guadalcanal
Aug. 1942- Feb. 1943
b!
U.S. marines, with Australian support, seized Japanese airfield
and fought on land & sea for control of island of Guadalcanal.
Forced Japan to abandon Guadalcanal;
this began MacArthur’s “island-hopping” counterattack strategy.
A Guadalcanal
native pays tribute
to American war
dead on the island.
- August, 1946.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
Battleships
Light Cruisers
Destroyers
Auxillary
Craft
1.
How many of the ships lost were
light cruisers?
A. 17 percent
B. 22 percent
C. 34 percent
D. 44 percent
3. All of the following types of ships
were lost except?
A. battleships
B. light cruisers
C. destroyers
D. aircraft carriers
2.
Most of the ships lost were –
F. Battleships
G. Light cruisers
H. Destroyers
J. Auxillary craft
4. Fewer auxilliary craft were lost than F. battleships
G. light cruisers
H. destroyers
J. aircraft carriers
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL
World History
Room 167
Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50
An airplane destroyed during the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Explain how Japanese expansionism led to war with the Allies in Asia.
• Explain the importance of the Allies’ strategy in turning the tide of war against Japan.
AGENDA:
• WARM-UP, Examine Textbook map, p. 828
• FILM CLIP, “Pearl Harbor” (attack sequence)
• LECTURE / DISCUSSION of homework CH 32, Section 2
• MAJOR QUIZ over Sections 1 - 2
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
• Read CH 32, Section 3, Complete p. 5 in packet.
Consider renting “Schindler’s List.”
“You know at Pearl they hit us with a sledgehammer. This raid, even if it makes it through, it'll only be a pinprick...
but it'll be straight through their hearts.”
– Lt. Col Jimmy Doolittle [Quote from 2001 movie, Pearl Harbor.]
Halsey ordered the cruiser Nashville
to dispose of the picket, and
launched Doolittle's bombers into the
air:
“TO COL. DOOLITTLE AND HIS GALLANT COMMAND,
GOOD LUCK AND GOD BLESS YOU – HALSEY ”
* TOOL # 1
The planes managerd to avoid
heavy enemy fire, But they were
far short of the fuel needed to
reach the airfield at Chuchow. One
plane turned north, and surprised
Russian soldiers by landing near
Vladivostok. The remaining fifteen
planes crashed or were ditched
over China. Remarkably, most of
the 80 pilots and crewmen
survived the mission.
Of eight airmen who were captured, three were executed by the Japanese,
and another died in captivity. Four others were killed during the mission.
The Chinese people were
recorded to have
sheltered most all of the
pilots who’s planes
crashed in their villages.
The soldiers said that
they were treated very
kindly and with
hospitality.
Ironically, they bore the heaviest cost of the raid. In
May 1942, the Japanese army launched operation
Sei-Go, with goals of securing Chinese airfields
from which raids could be launched against the
Home Islands, and punishing villages which might
have sheltered Doolittle's airmen after the Raid. As
many as 250,000 Chinese civilians were murdered
in the Chekiang and Kiangsu provinces.