Radius forms wrist joint with scaphoid, lunate & triquetrum
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A broken wrist is among the most common broken bones
in patients under 65 years of age (after that (65) hip
fractures become the most common broken bone).
Many type of wrist fracture (the most common):
 Colle’s fracture
 Smith’s Fracture
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It is Fracture of the distal radius bone and/or styloid
process of ulna.
Result of falling on extended hands (outstretched hand).
May ends with deformity (the fragment is displaced
dorsally)
May cause damage to the tendons, nerves and blood
supply of the hand
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This injury is usually the
result of trauma from a fall in
which the person attempts to
break the fall using the
hands and arms.
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Also known as a reverse Colle’s fracture.
is a fracture of the distal radius.
Result of falling on flexed hands.
Smith's fractures are less common than Colles' fractures.
May cause the same damage to the soft tissue as in the
colle's fracture.
the fragment is displaced ventrally
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It is Painful sac, like Swelling at the extensors tendon and
the carpal area. Appears as nodules.
Ganglia can form around any joint, but they are most
frequently found in the wrist and ankles.
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It is not fully understood how they occur
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May cause pressure on the ulnar or median nerve
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It is also known as tenosynovitis
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it remains idiopathic.
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It is an inflammation or a tendinosis of the sheath or
tunnel that surrounds two tendons that control movement
of the thumb (involving abductor pollicis longus and
extensor policis brevis tendons).
Finkelstein's test
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Carpal tunnel
syndrome the most
common peripheral
neuropathy results
from compression of
the median nerve at
the carpal tunnel.
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The syndrome affects an
estimated 3 percent of adult.
Is three times more in
women than in men.
The number of incidence is
increasing world wide every
year
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Since the carpal tunnel runs between the transverse carpal
ligament and the carpal bones, damage to this region can
result from a number of compression lesion include:
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Local trauma.
Over use of the hand and wrist .
Prolonged improper positioning.
Keyboard workers .
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The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome are:
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Sever pain.
Numbness.
Sensory loss.
weak thump abduction.
Note: As a result of the nerve supply, the symptoms are
experienced along the median nerve pathway.
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We have three classifications for the severity of symptoms:
◦ Mild: short history of episodes of paraesthesia.
◦ Moderate: cases of frequent episodes paraesthesia and
numbness.
◦ Sever: persistent paraesthesia, numbness and wasting of
the abductor pollicis braves.
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Tinel's test positive: percussion of the median nerve at
the wrist create tingling in the median innervated
fingers.
Phalen's test positive: flexion of the wrist at 90 degree
for one minute and holding the position lead to tingling
in median innervated fingers.
Abnormal nerve conduction studies.
Phalen's test
Tinel's test
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Ulnar tunnel syndrome (UTS) is a painful syndrome which
involves the arm and fingers.
It is seen more often in women than men.
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usually occurs between 40-60 years of age
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The ulnar nerve compressed as it passes through the ulnar
carpal canal between the pisiform and the hook of hamate.
The common cause is a ganglion compression on the
nerve tunnel. Both sensory and motor division of the nerve
may be affected
The symptom may include small muscle wasting and
paraesthesia along the ulnar nerve pathway.
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It is a condition in which there is a loss of normal carpal
alignment after injury.
10% of all carpal injuries result in instability.
Example for this injury is the scaphoid fracture and
dislocation.
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Deformity of the
distal IP joint in
permanent flexion
position as a result of
extensor tendon
rupture or avulsion.
Rupture or avulsion of
the extensor policies
longus
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A syndrome caused by prolonged exposure to a fast
vibration (Jack hammers), may affect bones, nerves, and
blood vessels, causing a disturbance of blood supply and
sensation which end with hand weakness and disturbance
of the proprioceptive sensation of the fingers.