DISORDERS OF BASAL GANGLION
Hypokinesia refers to movement that is slower
than normal.
 Akinesia describes an inability to move or
difficulty in initiating movement.
 Timing disorders Difficulty in producing upper
limb movements at regular time intervals.

DYSKINESIA
Chorea: purposeless, irregular and rapid
movements of the body,
 Tremors: involuntary small amplitude movement of
the body parts.
 Athetosis: A constant succession of slow,
writhing, involuntary movements
 Myoclonus: is brief, involuntary twitching of a
muscle or a group of muscles
 Dystonia : refers to involuntary muscle
contractions that cause abnormal postures
sustained for variable amounts of time

ASSUMPTION:
utilising strategies that by-pass defective basal
ganglia structures
 These strategies are

 additional
external information
 focus their attention upon specific aspects of
movement
ADDITIONAL EXTERNAL INFORMATION
Auditory and visual cuing techniques have
been effective in improving hypokinesia of gait
 Auditory Eg: metronome cue,
 visual Eg: horizontal lines spaced appropriately
along the length of a walkway

ATTENTION STRATEGIES
attention is focused upon walking with longer
steps.
 strategy may be useful in reducing akinesia and
hypokinesia of gait.

INTERVENTION FOR SECONDARY COMPLICATION
Loss Of Joint Range Of Movement,
 Muscle Length,
 Muscle Strength,
 Muscle Endurance And Cardiopulmonary
Fitness
