Lecture # 24
ACUTE INFLAMMATION-1
Dr. Iram Sohail
Assistant Professor
Pathology
OBJECTIVES
• Definition & classification of inflammation
• Causes of acute inflammation
DEFINITION OF INFLAMMATION
• Inflammation is a protective response
• Intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell
injury
• As well as the necrotic cells and tissue
resulting from the original insult.
CLASSIFICATION OF INFLAMMATION
Inflammation can be
• Acute
• Chronic
Acute inflammation
• Acute inflammation is rapid in onset, short in
duration (lasting from few minutes to few
days), composed of fluid, plasma proteins and
predominantly neutrophils.
Chronic inflammation
• It is of longer duration (days to years),
characterized by influx of lymphocytes &
macrophages with associated scaring.
Causes of acute inflammation
1. Infection
– Bacteria
• Sore throat
– Virus
• Flu
– Parasite
• Worm infection
– Fungus
• Skin fungal infection
• Lung fungal infection
2. Ischemia
3. Trauma
– Blunt
– penetrating
4. Physical agents
– Cold = Frost bite
– Burn
5. Chemicals
– Acids
– Alkali
6. Tissue necrosis
7. Radiation
– Ultraviolet rays
8. Foreign bodies
– Suture
– dirt
9. Immunological reactions
– Autoimmunity
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE)
– Hypersensitivity reaction
• Type 1 to 4 hypersensitivity reactions