Academic Writing For Health
Professions
Unit 1 : Giving Instructions
Giving Instructions
•* Introduction :
•In this unit , you will practice writing clear instructions . Whether , you
are giving instructions about how to give mouth-to -mouth ventilation
, how to control fever , or how to stop bleeding . You might need to
explain how to diagnose an illness or how to x-ray a broken leg .
How To Control External Bleeding
Planning
* Some advice about how to control external bleeding . Outline of ideas .
l1. Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile dressing held against its surface
.
l2. Hold pressure firmly on the wound for 10-30 minutes .
l3. secure the dressing in place with a bandage .
l4. After the dressing is in place , do not remove it to check the wound
l
Planning will help you to organize your thoughts , you make a list of
important steps or major points , you should list your major points in
chronological order . That means you tell what should be done first , second ,
third …...
l
Final Draft of Composition
Controlling external bleeding is not difficult if you follow
these simple instructions. First , you should apply pressure to the wound ,
Preferably with a sterile dressing held against its surface .Second ,hold
pressure Firm on the wound for 10-30 minutes .Next , when the bleeding is
controlled , secure the dressing with a bandage .
Finally , after the dressing is in place , do not remove it to check the wound .
Exercise 1 : Circle the words that show chronological order ? Page 4
Second Lecture
Organization Skills
Main Idea Sentences :
lThe main idea of a composition is contained in the main idea
lsentence . This sentence gives the reader a general idea of
lwhat you are writing about .The main idea sentence should be
l written at the beginning of the composition . Next , you will give
l the details of the composition .
lThe main idea sentence gives instructions says :
l1. what the instructions are for .
l2. there are certain steps to follow .
l
Example :
l1. you can stop smoking by following these directions .
l2. If you want to control your blood pressure , Follow these steps .
l3. To treat a headache , you should follow these instructions .
lExercise : Underline the main idea sentence in the example
lExercise 2 : page 5- 6 pair work
l
Transition Showing Chronological order
First, … / First of all …
lSecond, ,...
lThird , … ( and so on )
lNext, ,...
lThen, ,...
lAfter that , …
lFinally , … / Last
lyou can use transitions that show chronological order , to help the reader see the relationship
lbetween the parts . When giving instructions .
lUse :
lRemember to use a comma ( , ) after each transition .
lUse these words carefully .Too many transitions can make your composition sound
l monotonous .
lExercise 4 page 8-9
l
Grammar Skills
Imperative :
lUse
lUse imperative to give instructions , to make requests , and to give orders .
lForm
lUse the base form of the verb .
lDon't use a subject pronoun , such as you .
lTo form negative , put do not or don't before the verb .
lExample :
lWear , put , don't throw , don't eat .
lExercise 5
l.
l
Exercise 6
A. First , Remove the cape from the medicine bottle , and wipe it with an alcohol pad .
B. Next , Pull the plunger back on the syringe to mark equal to the a mount of medication you need
to draw up .
C. Then , Remove the needle cover and insert the syringe needle into the rubber center on the top of
medicine bottle .
D. After that , Push the plunger of the syringe down, and force the air from the syringe into the bottle .
E. Finally , Turn the bottle upside-down and hold the neck of the bottle between your index and middle
finger of the left hand , support the syringe with your thumb and ring finger ,
Don't allow the needle to bend . Use your right hand to pull the plunger to mark at the prescribed
amount of medication . Push the plunger until the air bubbles are removed .
Exercise 7 pages 11-12
Exercise 6
A. First , Remove the cape from the medicine bottle , and wipe it with an alcohol pad .
B. Next , Pull the plunger back on the syringe to mark equal to the a mount of medication you need
to draw up .
C. Then , Remove the needle cover and insert the syringe needle into the rubber center on the top o
medicine bottle .
D. After that , Push the plunger of the syringe down, and force the air from the syringe into the bottl
E. Finally , Turn the bottle upside-down and hold the neck of the bottle between your index and mid
finger of the left hand , support the syringe with your thumb and ring finger ,
Don't allow the needle to bend . Use your right hand to pull the plunger to mark at the prescribed
amount of medication . Push the plunger until the air bubbles are removed .
Exercise 7 pages 11-12
Using Before , After , and When to show Order
Clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb .
lThere are two kinds of clauses :
l1. main clause can be a separate sentence , and its information is complete .
l2. dependent clause depends on a main clause for its
lcomplete meaning . It's not a complete idea , so it cannot be a sentence by itself .
l
Use
lThe word When shows that two steps happen at the same time .
l
Form
lUse imperative in the main clause . Include the subject ( you ) in the dependent
lClause .
l
You can put either the main clause or dependent clause first in the sentence . if
lThe dependent clause comes first , it is separated from the main clause by a comma
l(,)
lExercise 9 &10 pages 15 - 16
l
Instructions on how to put on and Remove a gown
Put on a gown :
l1. Wash hands .
l2.Put on gown with opening in the back .
l3. Fasten ties at back of neck , and waist to cover clothing .
lRemove a gown :
l1. Unite or break ties at the back and neck .
l2. Pull from the neck and shoulders then arms , turning inside out as gown is removed .
l3. Roll gown into bundle and discard in appropriate waste .
l4. Wash hands .
lExercise pages 18-19
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