Contents for What we studied and will study
from “An Introduction to Morphology” –by
Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy
2.Introduction to
Morphology
(P1-3)
2. Words &
sentences (P:415)
4.A word and its
Forms (Inflection)
(P:28-43)
3. A words and
its PARTS (P:1627)
5. A word and its
Parts(Derivation)(P: 44-56)
The next Lectures About
6. Compound
words+ blends &
phrasal words
from P: 59- 69
7- A word and it
structure. (P: 7184
6.0 This unit is about:
6.1
•Compound Words
6.2.
•Blends
6.3
•Phrasal Words
As we studied last lecture compound
comes in:
• 6.2: compounds verbs
A) Verbs+ Verb(P: 60) eg (turn leave
• Sometimes a single verb is a combination of multiple words.
Both words might be verbs or one of the words might be a
descriptor word. The words may run together as one word or
they may be joined by a hyphen. Regardless of the spelling,
when used together, the words function as a single verb.
Means two verbs act as one.
Freezedry- ‫ تجمد‬Stirfry ‫—قلي‬babysit- waterproof-
Compound that have verbs
B) N+V
Band-wash…. Steam- clean
C)V+N:
washing machine…driving licence…swimming
pool
D) Adj+ verb:
dry-cleaning
public speaking
D) Preposition +Verbs:
Outdoor-Overlab-Understand-Outrun
Outstanding
E) verb _+ Prepo(called phrasal verbs)
Shake up
Hand over
Clearout- clearup
Arguments compound verbs P:63
• They said when using verbs they need a noun
who do/does it as
• Sleep- need someone(subject)
• Eat- need some one(“)
• But if you need another someone to play as
object then this object called(argument)
• Example of N from V
• Writer
• Driver
• Or NN derived from verb
Store+er= storer> restorere (N)
6.3 Compound Adjectives(P:61
1.N+adj
Coal-black…
2. Adj+adj
Grey-green- dark-blue- red-hot
3. Preposition+adj
Underful- overactive
6.4 Compound Nouns and Other compound
words- with all parts of speech
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Noun+adjective - snow white
noun/noun - toothpaste, football,
fish tank
noun/preposition (adverb) - love-in,
hanger on, passer-by
noun/verb - haircut, browbeat.
Adjective+ noun - blackboard, full
moon
Adjective+ preposition - forthwith
Adjective+verb
dry-cleaning,
highlight
rainfall
preposition/adjective - over-ripe
preposition
(adverb)/noun
underground,
underworld,
bystander, onlooker
• preposition/preposition without
• preposition /verb - output,
undercut, outlook,
overthrow
• verb/adjective tumbledown
• verb/noun - swimming
pool, breakwater, washing
machine
• verb/preposition (adverb) takeout, check-in,
drawback, lookout
• verb/verb - freeze-dry
• V+V
• Adj+N
• Preposition+V
Compound Words
part 2
6.5- Headed+ headless
6.5 Headed- headless
Compounds(P:64)
Headed
• When we make compound words, the meaning
of the compound word is determined by the
rightmost members of the compound, known as
the “head” of the compound. Thus “blackboard,” is a kind of “board,” and not a kind of
“black.” “High chair” is a kind of “chair.” that
means board is the head of the compound
• They are Compound words, where the
meaning of the compound is determined by
the “head” of the compound are called
Headed Compounds.
• It follows pluralization- a part make whole
• Most of English L compounds are headed
• Find at the right headed (blackboard)
Headless
Compounds
• What are the “Headless Compounds”?
• are compound words that do not have a
“head” that determines the meaning of the
compound. In other words, the parts do not
make the whole, with respect to the meaning
of the words. In other words, “still life” is not
a kind of “life.” “Pick pocket” is not a kind of
“pocket.” “Low life” is not a kind of “life.”
•
Headless Compounds do not follow the
pluralization rule. The entire compound
word is treated as one morpheme, without
internal morphemic distinction or structure,
and the default plural morpheme /s/ is
added to the “whole
Headless examples
• Faint-heart>>>>> is headless
• Because:
• the right words not a head because it is not a
kind of heart.
• Similar(AN): (Loudmouth) headless
• Similar (NN):(( redsbank ) headless( type of fish)
• Not as heartacttack ..headed because attack is a
kind of attack .
• As in greentone> is headed because
Examples for headed comp.
• the head of the compound noun handbag is
bag, since a handbag is a kind of bag, not a
hand.
• The head of Blackboard is :__________ since
_____________is a kind of ____ not_______
• The head of Sitting-room: ___________ since
-__________________
‫أعالن‬
‫تقارير ‪ :‬المقرر ‪ +‬خبرات الطالبه‬
‫• ‪1/‬‬
‫• الدخول للموقع‬
‫•‬
‫‪• http://englishquestionnaires.blogspot.com/‬‬
‫‪ /2‬هل هنالك خريجه لهذا العام لملء االستمارة للقاء‬
‫الخريجات‬
Ex(Underline the compound words
• 1.
The dog ran out of the backyard
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dog ran
Backyard
Of the
Did you see the beautiful rainbow yesterday?
Rainbow
Yesterday
Beautiful
A.
B.
C.
2.
A.
B.
C.
• 3. I love to watch my brother play football on
Friday nights.
• A. Brother
• B. Nights
• C. Football
• 4. Sailboat is a compound word.
• A. True
• B. False
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
5.
A.
B.
6.
A.
B.
7.
A.
B.
Elephant is a compound word
True
False
Outside is NOT a compound word.
True
False
Alligator is NOT a compound word.
True
False
• 8. Separate the compound word "classroom"
into two words
• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------• 9. If the words butter and fly are combined,
what compound word to they make?
• ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is exocentric
• When headless compound doesn’t determine by
any element inside them
• It means have no internal center but outside
them. and their meaning often cannot be
transparently guessed from its constituent parts.
white-collar is neither a kind of collar nor a white
thing. In an exocentric compound, the word class
is determined lexically, disregarding the class of
the constituents.
• examplex
What is endocentric
• An endocentric compound consists of a head
• Endocentric compounds tend to be of the
same part of speech e.g.
• doghouse
headed compound have internal centre
• be endocentric if it fulfills the same linguistic
function as one of its parts
6.6
Blends & Acronyms