Contents for What we studied
from “An Introduction to Morphology” –by Andrew
Carstairs-McCarthy
2.Introduction to
Morphology
(P1-3)
2. Words &
sentences (P:415)
4.A word and its
Forms (Inflection)
(P:28-43)
3. A words and
its PARTS (P:1627)
5. A word and its
Parts(Derivation)(P: 44-56)
The next Lectures About
6. Compound
words+ blends &
phrasal words
from P: 59- 69
7- A word and it
structure. (P: 7184
6. This unit is about:
6.1
•Compound Words
6.2.
•Blends
6.3
•Phrasal Words
6.1
Compound
Words
P:59
• Last lecture we studied about
forming words from other words by
affixes.
• In this lecture it look at compound
• how?
• By combining roots
Compound are
• The smaller category of phrasal
verbs(verbs +prepositions) e.g. for
phrasal verbs:
Broke in--Check in- Check out--Fill in
Find out- Get away- Calm down
Give up (stop)- Go ahead(continue)
Hand out- hand in - Hang(on ‫انتظر‬up- -‫) اغلق‬
Compound has:
• Structure of phrasal but:
• Function as words.
• You study words as roots always (free
morphemes) or has Affixes (bound
morphemes)
• But,
• How to know if the word is phrasal or
compound word???
Examples show differences
Phrasal verb
compound
meaning
- Black board
Board with black color
- blackboard
which use for writing
- Hair net
Net made of hair
- Hairnet
net to cover hair
The different is that:
1. On phrasal the second part is stressed
2. Differ in meaning
idiosyncrasy(‫(خصوصية‬that is less or
more unpredictable
3. Most of compounds are nouns
6.2-Componud verbs
• Less than verbs derived from by
affixation.
• Has variety:
1. verb- verb.(VV) 2. Noun- verb(NV)
3. Adj- verb(AV) 4. Preposition-verb
(PV..are common)
see previous examples
compound
1. N+Dj=
She is a world-famous singer.
This is a smoke-free restaurant.
2. Adj+ N=
It was a last-minute decision.
We watched the full-length version of the movie.
3.V+ N
4. N+N
Compound can be written as 2 words or as a word
noun + noun
Bedroom- water tank – motorcycle- printer
cartridge
noun + verb
Rainfall- Haircut - train-spotting
noun + adverb
hanger-on - passer-by
verb + noun
washing machine -driving licence- swimming
pool
verb + adverb
Lookout -take-off- drawback
Know :P:63
• Stress on those are on the left
• Compound the second part derived from verb
as:
• Sign- writer.
• Crime- prevention.
• Wish- fulfillment.
• Some compound
primary comp
root comp
• Or
secondary
verbal comp.(swear words)
or synthetic comp‫زمركب‬
More examples for Compound words :
•
•
•
•
elsewhere upside
cannot
baseball
together become
crosswalk
•
•
•
•
Moonlight football
anybody weatherman
meantime earthquake
sometimes also
grandmother
fireworks
passport
became
sunflower
basketball
sweetmeat
superstructure
railroad
rattlesnake
throwback skateboard
everything herein
backward
schoolhouse
butterflies
6.5 Headed- headless
Compounds(P:64)
Headed
• When we make compound words, the meaning
of the compound word is determined by the
rightmost member of the compound, known as
the “head” of the compound. Thus “black
board,” is a kind of “board,” and not a kind of
“black.” “High chair” is a kind of “chair.” that
means board is the head of the compound
• Are Compound words, where the meaning of
the compound is determined by the “head” of
the compound are called Headed Compounds.
• It follows pluralization
Headless
Compounds
• What are the “Headless Compounds”?
• are compound words that do not have a
“head” that determines the meaning of the
compound. In other words, the parts do not
make the whole, with respect to the meaning
of the words. In other words, “still life” is not
a kind of “life.” “Pick pocket” is not a kind of
“pocket.” “Low life” is not a kind of “life.”
•
Headless Compounds do not follow the
pluralization rule . The entire compound word
is treated as one morpheme, without internal
morphemic distinction or structure, and the
default plural morpheme /s/ is added to the
“whole