Situational Personal Self-esteem. The measure of personal self-esteem was a
situational version of the seven-item Rosenberg (1979) self-esteem scale (alpha=.91).
Questions included: (1) I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal basis with
others, (2) I feel that I have a number of good qualities, (3) All in all, I am inclined to feel
that I am a failure (reverse-scored), (4) I take a positive attitude toward myself, (5) On the
whole, I am satisfied with myself, 6) I certainly feel useless at times (reverse-scored) and
(7) At times, I think I am no good at all. (reverse-scored). Participants were asked to
respond to each of the questions as "they are true for you RIGHT NOW". Ratings could
range from 1 (disagree) to 7 (agree).