Houston Community College Southwest
Review Exam Materials
Lecture Exam. I (Chapter 1 – 5 and 22)
Chapter 1: The main theme of microbiology
Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Genetic engineering,
Bioremediation- restore environment; Contribution of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ,
Joseph Lister, Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur and Carl von Linnaeus; Taxonomic
hierarchies, binomial system of bacterial nomenclature; Theory of Evolution and
phylogeny.
Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Biology
Know the definitions of the followings: - Matters, elements-essential to life, trace
elements, Atomic structure-subatomic particles (electrons, protons and neutrons),
Atomic numbers, atomic mass/number and their relationships, Isotopes, Electron orbitals
and shells, valence electrons, Difference between different types of chemical bondsCovalent –polar and nonpolar, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds , Redox reaction, Chemical
reactions, Solution, solvent of life, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of water, How
to make % and molar solution , What is pH, acids and bases, Organic chemistrycarbon structure and skeletons, Different types of isomers and functional groups of
organic compounds. Be familiar with definitions and/or characteristics of the
followingsPolymer principles- monomers and polymers, Different types of polymers
(homo polymer and hetero polymer) and their bonding and their building blocksCarbohydrate- Structure and different types of monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides; Lipids- Structure and different types of Fats, Phospholipids , steroidsCholesterol; Proteins- Four different levels of protein structure(primary, secondary,
tertiary and quaternary) and their complexity and conformation; Nucleic acid- Structure
and difference between DNA and RNA. ATP-energy rich molecule.
Chapter 3: Tools of the Laboratory
Know the detail method of culturing microorganisms -The five I’s Inoculation,
incubation, isolation, inspection and identification. Media – liquid, solid; Selective and
differential media like MAC, MSA, HE, Blodd Agar, TSIA; Differences of pure/axenic,
mixed, subculture and contaminated culture; Microscope – features of light and electron
their magnification and resolving power; Preparation of bacterial smears and Staining
techniques- positive, negative , gram and other stains.
Chapter 4: A survey of Prokaryotic cells and microorganisms
Structure and function of different parts of Bacterial cell- Flagella and their types,
fimbriae, cilia, capsule, difference between gram positive and gram negative bacterial
cell wall, ribosome, endospores; Bacterial shape arrangements- coccus, bacillus and
spiral; Some bacterial name of medical importance cause disease from Table 4.4;
Archaea.
Chapter 5: A survey of Eukaryotic cells and microorganisms
Symbiosis Be familiar with structure and functions of following cell organelles and where
they are found in eukaryotic cells — flagella, nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts,
cytoskeleton and cell wall.
Fungi- unicellular- Yeast or filamentous- Mold, mycelium structure (septate and
aseptate), reproduction- asexual and sexual, Spore produce by different kinds of Fungi
members- Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Deuteromycota- Imperfect
fungi, Some names of useful and harmful fungi.
Protista, Algal classification and importance of Diatoms, Dianoflagellates, Red, Brown
Green algae.
Protozoan form and function, Life cycle stages-Trophozoite and Cyst; Pathogenic
protozoan like Giardia , Entamoeba histolytica , Trichomonas, Trypanosoma,
Plasmodium cause different disease in human.
Parasitic Helminths -Pinworm, round worm, flat worm.
Chapter 22: The fungi of Medical Importance
Fungal pathogen ,degree of pathogenicity and habitat listed in Table-22.1; Thermal
dimorphism, Opportunistic fungi listed Table 22.3, Antifungal drugs and their targets;
Microbes diagnosis and control cause by pathogenic fungus like Histoplasma- Ohio
Valley fever; Coccidioidomycosis- Valley fever of South America and California;
Blastomyces-North America; Mycetoma of foot; Dermatophyte cause disease of keratin,
(skin, nails and hairs) which listed in Table 22.5; Opportunistic Mycoses- Candida
albicans- Thrush and mouth, Cryptococcosis- Pigeon droppings; Aspergillus flavus –
mycotoxicosis – aflatoxin.