Exam 2 Review – some helpful hints
The closed-book exam will consist of matching and multiple choice questions which draw from your
knowledge, intelligence and creativity. Know the material below and you will be in great shape for the
upcoming exam!
-----------------Know the different types of microscopes and their application(s). [light, sem, tem]
What is cell fractionation? Purpose? Outcome?
What differentiates a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell. How a about a plant cell?
Know the organelles and their function(s).
What are plasmodesmata, tight junctions, gap junctions, desomsomes, microfilaments, intermediate
filaments, microtubules? Their function(s)?
What 2 molecules predominate the eukaryotic cell plasma membrane? Their function(s)?
Understand the Fluid Mosaic Model (Singer and Nicholson).
Understand transport mechanisms (Passive and Active).
Understand the concept of “tonicity” in eukaryotic and plant cells.
Know the Sodium-Potassium-ATPase and its function(s).
Understand the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics (from a biology perspective).
Understand the Gibbs free energy equation. How does it effect reaction thermodynamics? What is ATP
coupling? What is exergonic, endergonic?
Understand reaction kinetics. What role does a catalyst/enzyme have?
Understand the “Induced Fit Hypothesis.”
What is competitive or non-competitive enzymatic inhibition?
What is allosterism? Cooperativity?
Understand the general concepts of aerobic respiration. Where do the steps occur in the cell? What is
consumed and what is produced? How much energy is generated at each step and as a whole (eukaryotes
vs prokaryotes)?
What is the Cori Cycle?
What is Phosphofructokinase? What is its role? How is it regulated?
Understand the general concepts of Photosynthesis. What is produced by the light and the dark reactions?
What is the difference between linear and cyclic photo-phosphorylation? What does C3, C4, CAM refer
to? What are the (cellular) structural components that participate in photosynthesis?
What are prosthetic groups? What is their function?
How are energy, wavelength and frequency related?