SPRING SEMESTER 2016 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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Chapter 5.1: Cell Cycle Notes
1. A cycle of growth, development, and division that most cells in an organism go
through
Word Bank for #1-6:
Centromere
2. The period during the cell cycle of a cell’s growth and development
Interphase
3. Two identical chromosomes that make up a duplicated chromosome
Daughter Cells
4. A structure that holds sister chromatids together
Mitosis
5. A process during which the nucleus and its contents divide
Cell Cycle
6. A process during which the cytoplasm and its contents divide
Cytokinesis
Sister Chromatids
7. The two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis
Identify the phases of Mitosis for 7-10 (Word bank: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)
8. _________________
8. _________________
9. _________________
10. _________________
11. List the 4 results of cell division:
12. A cell spends most of it’s life in interphase: TRUE OR FALSE
Chapter 5.2: Levels of Organization Notes
13. List the 5 levels of organization in order from smallest to largest.
14. All cells start out as ___________________ and become different types of cells through a process called
___________________________________.
15. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Chapter 6.1: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Notes
16. Cells that only have 1 chromosome from a pair or half the genetic material
from the parent cell
17. A type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different
cells combine, producing an offspring
Word Bank for #16-24:
Zygote
Fertilization
18. The female sex cells which forms in an ovary
Diploid
19. The male sex cell which forms in a testis
Homologous Chromosomes
20. A process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join together
Sperm
21. The new cell that forms from fertilization
Egg
22. Cells that have pairs of chromosomes
23. Pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the
same order
24. Cell division that creates sex cells
Short Answer
16. What is one benefit of sexual reproduction?
17. What is one disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
18. What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
19. What process forms diploid cells?
20. What process forms haploid cells?
Chapter 6.2: Asexual Reproduction and Asexual Reproduction Notes
Short Answer
21. What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
22. What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Meiosis
Haploid
28. Reproduction in which 2 parents contribute genetic information to form a new
unique individual
Word Bank for #28-35:
29. Reproduction in which 1 parent passes on its genetic information to form a
new individual that is genetically identical to the parent
Fission
30. Type of asexual reproduction in which a new animal grows from a piece of its
parent
Regeneration
31. Type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows on the body of
the parent organism, and then falls off
Mitotic cell division
32. Type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote divides to form a new
organism
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Budding
Vegetative reproduction
Cloning
33. Human created process that creates an identical individual by using a cell or
cluster of cells from the parent
34. Type of asexual reproduction in which a eukaryotic cell creates a new individual by going through mitosis
35. Type of asexual reproduction in which a new plant is grown from a piece of a parent plant
Chapter 10.1 Inheritance and Traits, Genetics Notes
36. The permanent change in the sequence of DNA in a gene
Word Bank for #36-41:
37. The genetic make up of an organism
Trait
Inheritance
38. A characteristic inherited from parents, or a characteristic learned from or
influenced by the environment
Gene
Genotype
39. A segment of DNA that carries a code for a trait
Phenotype
40. The appearance of an organism resulting from the genotype
Mutation
41. The passing one of traits from one generation to the next
42. For each genotype, indicate whether it is
heterozygous (HE) or homozygous (HO)
Aa____
BB____
Cc____
Dd____
ff____
Hh___
GG___
Mm___
43. For each of the genotypes, determine the
phenotype
Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers:
PP__________________
Pp__________________
pp__________________
44. Set up the square for each of the crosses listed below. The trait being studied is round seeds (dominant)
and wrinkled seeds (recessive)
Rr x rr
What percentage of the offspring will be round?
Rr x Rr
What percentage of the offspring will be round?
Chapter 10.2 Adaptations in Species, Adaptations Notes
45. Slight differences in inherited traits among individual members of a species
Word Bank for #45-53:
46. The process by which organisms with variations that help them survive in their
environment live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those
that do not have the variation
Structural Adaptations
Selective Breeding
Variations
47. An inherited trait that helps a species survive in its environment
Functional Adaptations
48. A physical trait, such as color, shape, or internal structure, which increases
survival
Adaptations
49. An adaptation that enables a species to blend in with its environment
Camouflage
50. An adaptation in which one species looks like another species
Natural Selection
51. A biochemical change, such as hibernating, shedding, or spitting, which
enables a species to increase survival or maintain homeostasis
Behavioral Adaptations
Mimicry
52. A behavior or action, such as migration, hibernation, hunting at night, or playing dead, that increases survival
53. The selection and breeding of organisms with desired traits
Identify each type of adaptation described below as either a Structural, Behavioral, or Functional adaptation.
54. Robins migrating
59. Butterfly wings looking like a face
55. Venomous snakes
60. The lowering of a heart rate for hibernation
56. Wings on a bat
61. Bright colored flower petals
57. A beetle’s color
62. Thorns on plants
58. Wolves hunting in packs
63. Frogs having toxins in their skin
Chapter 7.1 Energy Processing in Plants, Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Notes
64. What is photosynthesis?
65. What part of the plant photosynthesizes? What type of cell? Which organelle?
66. What type of organisms use photosynthesis? Why?
67. What is cellular respiration and where does it take place?
68. What type of organisms use cellular respiration?
Chapter 7.2 Plant Responses, Plant Responses Notes
69. A plant’s response to the number of hours of darkness in it’s environment
Word Bank for #68-75:
Stimulus
70. Plant growth or bending towards or away from a stimulus
Tropism
Phototropism
71. An change in an organism’s environment or an environmental factor that
may cause a response
72. A plant’s response to touch
Thigmotropism
Geotropism
Hydrotropism
Photoperiodism
73. A plant’s response to gravitational force
Plant hormones
74. A plant’s response to light
75. Chemical messengers within a plant
76. A plant’s response to water
Short Answer
77. A plant bending or growing towards a stimulus is a (positive/negative) tropism.
78. A plant bending or growing away from a stimulus is a (positive/negative tropism.
79. What plant hormone is responsible for phototropism?
Chapter 7.3 Plant Reproduction, Plant Structure and Reproduction Notes
80. These structures form in the male reproductive part of a flower, and contain
sperm cells used for reproduction
Word Bank for #80-85:
Alteration of generations
81. An immature diploid plant that forms from the zygote
Spore
82. This occurs when the life cycle of an organism alternates between diploid and
haploid generations
Pollen grain
83. The ovary and other parts of the flower eventually turn into this structure
which holds and protects the seeds
Seed
84. The daughter cells produced from haploid structures
85. This structure contains a plant embryo which germinates and grows into a plant
86. Label the following diagrams with the correct plant parts.
87. What is the male part of the plant called?
88. What is the female part of the plant called?
89. List the adaptations plants have to attract pollinators.
90. List the adaptations plants have for seed dispersal.
91. List the ways in which seeds are dispersed.
Embryo
Fruit
Chapter 8.1 Types of Behavior, Animal Behavior Notes
92. The way an organism reacts to other organisms or to its environment
WORD BANK FOR #92-98
innate behavior
93. A behavior that is inherited
94. Learning to respond to a stimulus in a certain way
95. A seasonal dormancy used by certain animals in order to survive harsh
conditions
Behavior
Instinct
Migration
96. An attachment an organism forms very shortly after birth
Imprinting
97. A seasonal movement of organisms
Hibernation
98. A complex pattern of innate behaviors
Conditioning
Label the following behaviors as learned or innate.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
Hibernating
Spinning a web
Reading
Releasing pheromones
Goslings following their mother
Building a nest
Conditioning
Using tools
Chapter 8.2 Interaction with Others, Animal Behavior Notes
107. A chemical produced by one animal that influences the behavior of
another animal
Word Bank for #107-115
Bioluminescence
108. The ability of certain things to give off light
Pheromone
109. A group of animals working and living together
Society
110. An area set up by animals in which they feed, mate, and raise young
Dominance
111. A forceful behavior used to control other animals
112. The act of giving power to a more dominant animal
113. The holding of power by an animal with a higher social status
114. Behaviors animals exhibit in order to attract or keep a mate
115. List the 4 ways in which animals communicate with each other.
Submission
Territory
Aggression
Courtship
Chapter 9.1: Nervous System, Nervous System Notes
116.
The part of an organism that gathers, processes, and responds to
information
Word Bank for #116-124:
Central Nervous System
Cerebellum
117.
The basic functioning unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell
Neuron
Nervous System
118.
The gap between two neurons
119.
System made up of the brain and the spinal cord that receives,
process, stores, and transfers information
Spinal Cord
Synapse
Peripheral Nervous System
Cerebrum
120.
The part of the brain that controls memory, language, and thought
Brain Stem
121.
The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movement
and regulate balance and posture
122.
The area of the brain that controls involuntary functions
123.
A tube-like structure of neurons that sends signals to and from the brain
124.
System made of sensory and motor neurons that transmit information between the central nervous
system and the rest of the body